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  2. Sartono Kartodirdjo - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sartono_Kartodirdjo

    7 December 2007. (2007-12-07) (aged 86) Yogyakarta, Indonesia. Occupation. Historian. Aloysius Sartono Kartodirdjo (15 February 1921 – 7 December 2007) was an Indonesian historian. A pioneer in Indonesia's postcolonial historiography, he was and is considered one of the most influential historians in the country.

  3. Cultural evolution - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cultural_evolution

    Cultural evolution is an evolutionary theory of social change. It follows from the definition of culture as "information capable of affecting individuals' behavior that they acquire from other members of their species through teaching, imitation and other forms of social transmission". [ 1] Cultural evolution is the change of this information ...

  4. Civil society - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Civil_society

    Civil society can be understood as the "third sector" of society, distinct from government and business, and including the family and the private sphere. [ 1] By other authors, civil society is used in the sense of 1) the aggregate of non-governmental organizations and institutions that advance the interests and will of citizens or 2 ...

  5. Mandailing people - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Mandailing_people

    The Mandailing are an ethnic group in Sumatra, Indonesia that is commonly associated with the Batak people. They are found mainly in the northern section of the island of Sumatra in Indonesia. They came under the influence of the Kaum Padri who ruled the Minangkabau of Tanah Datar. As a result, the Mandailing were influenced by Muslim culture ...

  6. Modernization theory - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Modernization_theory

    Modernization theory was a dominant paradigm in the social sciences in the 1950s and 1960s, and saw a resurgence after 1991, when Francis Fukuyama wrote about the end of the Cold War as confirmation on modernization theory. [3] The theory is subject of much debate among scholars. [1] [4] [5] [6] Critics have highlighted cases where ...

  7. Sam Ratulangi - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sam_Ratulangi

    Gerungan Saul Samuel Jacob Ratulangi(also written as Ratu Langie; 5 November 1890 – 30 June 1949), known as Sam Ratulangi, was a Minahasanteacher, journalist, politician, and national herofrom North Sulawesi, Indonesia. He was part of the committee that ratified the Constitution of Indonesiaand served as the first Governor of Sulawesi.

  8. Law of Indonesia - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Law_of_Indonesia

    e. Law of Indonesia is based on a civil law system, intermixed with local customary law and Dutch law. Before the Dutch presence and colonization began in the sixteenth century, indigenous kingdoms ruled the archipelago independently with their own custom laws, known as adat (unwritten, traditional rules still observed in the Indonesian society ...

  9. Behavioral modernity - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Behavioral_modernity

    Upper Paleolithic (16,000-year-old) cave painting from Lascaux cave in France. Pliocene before. v. t. e. Behavioral modernity is a suite of behavioral and cognitive traits believed to distinguish current Homo sapiens from other anatomically modern humans, hominins, and primates. [ 1] Most scholars agree that modern human behavior can be ...