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Liquid nitrogen has a boiling point of about −196 °C (−321 °F; 77 K). It is produced industrially by fractional distillation of liquid air. It is a colorless, mobile liquid whose viscosity is about one-tenth that of acetone (i.e. roughly one-thirtieth that of water at room temperature ). Liquid nitrogen is widely used as a coolant .
Cooling baths are generally one of two types: (a) a cold fluid (particularly liquid nitrogen, water, or even air) — but most commonly the term refers to (b) a mixture of 3 components: (1) a cooling agent (such as dry ice or ice); (2) a liquid "carrier" (such as liquid water, ethylene glycol, acetone, etc.), which transfers heat between the ...
Degassing. Degassing, also known as degasification, is the removal of dissolved gases from liquids, especially water or aqueous solutions. There are numerous methods for removing gases from liquids. Gases are removed for various reasons. Chemists remove gases from solvents when the compounds they are working on are possibly air- or oxygen ...
Computer cooling. A finned air cooled heatsink with fan clipped onto a CPU, with a smaller passive heatsink without fan in the background. A 3-fan heatsink mounted on a video card to maximize cooling efficiency of the GPU and surrounding components. Commodore 128DCR computer's switch-mode power supply, with a user-installed 60 mm cooling fan.
A cryostat (from cryo meaning cold and stat meaning stable) is a device used to maintain low cryogenic temperatures of samples or devices mounted within the cryostat. Low temperatures may be maintained within a cryostat by using various refrigeration methods, most commonly using cryogenic fluid bath such as liquid helium. [ 1]
Nitrogen is a nonmetal and the lightest member of group 15 of the periodic table, often called the pnictogens. It is a common element in the universe, estimated at seventh in total abundance in the Milky Way and the Solar System. At standard temperature and pressure, two atoms of the element bond to form N 2, a colorless and odorless diatomic gas.
Cryogenic energy storage ( CES) is the use of low temperature ( cryogenic) liquids such as liquid air or liquid nitrogen to store energy. [ 1][ 2] The technology is primarily used for the large-scale storage of electricity. Following grid-scale demonstrator plants, a 250 MWh commercial plant is now under construction in the UK, and a 400 MWh ...
This is a great deal of fluid to move, particularly as liquids are more viscous and denser than gases, (for example water is about 850 times the density of air [52]). Any increase in the diver's metabolic activity also increases CO 2 production and the breathing rate, which is already at the limits of realistic flow rates in liquid breathing.