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2. Abbe refractometer - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abbe_refractometer

   Multi-wavelength Abbe refractometers can be used to easily determine a sample's Abbe number. The most advanced instruments of today use solid-state Peltier effect devices to heat and cool the instrument and the sample, eliminating the need for an external water bath. The software on most of current instruments offers features such as ...

3. Abbe number - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Abbe_number

   Abbe number. In optics and lens design, the Abbe number, also known as the V-number or constringence of a transparent material, is an approximate measure of the material's dispersion (change of refractive index versus wavelength), with high values of V indicating low dispersion. It is named after Ernst Abbe (1840–1905), the German physicist ...

4. Refractometer - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Refractometer

   A refractometer is a laboratory or field device for the measurement of an index of refraction ( refractometry ). The index of refraction is calculated from the observed refraction angle using Snell's law. For mixtures, the index of refraction then allows the concentration to be determined using mixing rules such as the Gladstone–Dale relation ...

5. Diffraction-limited system - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diffraction-limited_system

   An optical instrument is said to be diffraction-limited if it has reached this limit of resolution performance. Other factors may affect an optical system's performance, such as lens imperfections or aberrations, but these are caused by errors in the manufacture or calculation of a lens, whereas the diffraction limit is the maximum resolution ...

6. Refractive index - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Refractive_index

   In optics, the refractive index (or refraction index) of an optical medium is a dimensionless number that gives the indication of the light bending ability of that medium. Refraction of a light ray. The refractive index determines how much the path of light is bent, or refracted, when entering a material. This is described by Snell's law of ...

7. Traditional handheld refractometer - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Traditional_handheld...

   A traditional handheld refractometer is an analog instrument for measuring a liquid's refractive index. It works on the critical angle principle by which lenses and prisms project a shadow line onto a small glass reticle inside the instrument, which is then viewed by the user through a magnifying eyepiece. In use, a sample is placed between a ...

8. Refractometry - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Refractometry

   Refractometry is the analytical method of measuring substances' refractive index (one of their fundamental physical properties) in order to, for instance, assess their composition or purity. A refractometer is the instrument used to measure refractive index ("RI"). Although refractometers are best known for measuring liquids, they are also used ...

9. Corrective lens - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Corrective_lens

   Corrective lens. A corrective lens is a transmissive optical device that is worn on the eye to improve visual perception. The most common use is to treat refractive errors: myopia, hypermetropia, astigmatism, and presbyopia. Glasses or "spectacles" are worn on the face a short distance in front of the eye.