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An acid and a base which differ only by the presence or absence of a proton are called a conjugate acid-base pair. Thus NH 3 is called the conjugate base of NH 4 +, and NH 4 + is the conjugate acid of NH 3. Similarly, HF is the conjugate acid of F –, and F – the conjugate base of HF.
TABLE OF CONJUGATE ACID-BASE PAIRS Acid Base K a (25 oC) HClO 4 ClO 4 – H 2 SO 4 HSO 4 – HCl Cl– HNO 3 NO 3 – H 3 O + H 2 O H 2 CrO 4 HCrO 4 – 1.8 x 10–1 H 2 C 2 O 4 (oxalic acid) HC 2 O 4 – 5.90 x 10–2 [H 2 SO 3] = SO 2 (aq) + H 2 O HSO 3 – 1.71 x 10–2 HSO 4 – SO 4 2– 1.20 x 10–2 H 3 PO 4 H 2 PO 4 – 7.52 x 10–3 Fe ...
Acids and bases exist as conjugate acid-base pairs. The term conjugate comes from the Latin stems meaning "joined together" and refers to things that are joined, particularly in pairs, such as Brnsted acids and bases.
A conjugate acid, within the Brønsted–Lowry acid–base theory, is a chemical compound formed when an acid gives a proton (H +) to a base—in other words, it is a base with a hydrogen ion added to it, as it loses a hydrogen ion in the reverse reaction.
Every Brønsted-Lowry acid-base reaction can be labeled with two conjugate acid-base pairs. One easy way to identify a conjugate acid-base pair is by looking at the chemical formulas: a conjugate acid-base pair has a H + difference in their formulas, i.e., NH 3 /NH 4 + or HCl/Cl - .
This page describes the Arrhenius, Bronsted-Lowry, and Lewis theories of acids and bases, and explains the relationships between them. It also explains the concept of a conjugate pair - an acid and its conjugate base, or a base and its conjugate acid.
The pair of compounds which can mutually accept and donate hydrogen ions is called a conjugate acid-base pair. A proton is added to obtain the conjugate acid and a proton is removed to get the conjugate base of the compound.
A conjugate pair is an acid-base pair that differs by one proton in their formulas (remember: proton and hydrogen ion mean the same thing). A conjugate pair is always one acid and one base.
Conjugate acid-base pairs are a pair of reactants and products that are linked to each other by the transfer of a proton; For example, in the equilibrium reaction below, the ethanoic acid (CH 3 COOH) partially dissociates in solution to form ethanoate (CH 3 COO-) and hydrogen (H +) ions
If you can identify all four terms in a proton-transfer reaction (an acid, a base, a conjugate acid, and a conjugate base), you can be certain that it is a Brønsted-Lowry acid-base reaction. For example, consider the acid-base reaction that takes place when ammonia is dissolved in water.