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The rDNA gene cluster of eukaryotes consists of the genes for the 18S, 5.8S and 28S rRNA, separated by the two ITS-1 and ITS-2 spacers. The active genome of eukaryotes contains several hundred copies of the rDNA transcriptional unit as tandem repeats , they are organized in nucleolus organizer regions (NORs) , [ 4 ] which in turn can be present ...
Recombinant DNA molecules are sometimes called chimeric DNA because they can be made of material from two different species like the mythical chimera. rDNA technology uses palindromic sequences and leads to the production of sticky and blunt ends. The DNA sequences used in the construction of recombinant DNA molecules can originate from any ...
After initial analysis a multivariate analysis program such as NT-SYS [4] or PAST [5] furnishing details about the presence or absence of bands, marked as 1(for presence) and 0(for absence). The data can be subsequently used for generating a phylogram or cladogram. The data table can be used to plot a phylogenetic tree that would indicate the ...
Type III enzymes are hetero-oligomeric, multifunctional proteins composed of two subunits, Res and Mod . The Mod subunit recognises the DNA sequence specific for the system and is a modification methyltransferase ; as such, it is functionally equivalent to the M and S subunits of type I restriction endonuclease.
Regulation of gene expression by a hormone receptor Diagram showing at which stages in the DNA-mRNA-protein pathway expression can be controlled. Regulation of gene expression, or gene regulation, [1] includes a wide range of mechanisms that are used by cells to increase or decrease the production of specific gene products (protein or RNA).
A second version of the central dogma is popular but incorrect. This is the simplistic DNA → RNA → protein pathway published by James Watson in the first edition of The Molecular Biology of the Gene (1965). Watson's version differs from Crick's because Watson describes a two-step (DNA → RNA and RNA → protein) process as the central ...
The oldest and most widely used expression systems are cell-based and may be defined as the "combination of an expression vector, its cloned DNA, and the host for the vector that provide a context to allow foreign gene function in a host cell, that is, produce proteins at a high level".
Structure of a gene regulatory network Control process of a gene regulatory network. A gene (or genetic) regulatory network (GRN) is a collection of molecular regulators that interact with each other and with other substances in the cell to govern the gene expression levels of mRNA and proteins which, in turn, determine the function of the cell.