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Multiple endocrine neoplasia type 2 (also known as "Pheochromocytoma (codons 630 and 634) and amyloid producing medullary thyroid carcinoma", [1] "PTC syndrome," [1] and "Sipple syndrome" [1]) is a group of medical disorders associated with tumors of the endocrine system. The tumors may be benign or malignant .
It was first described by Wagenmann in 1922, [3] and was first recognized as a syndrome in 1965–1966 by E.D. Williams and D.J. Pollock. [4] [5] It is caused by the pathogenic variant p.Met918Thr in the RET gene. This variant can cause medullary thyroid cancer and pheochromocytoma.
Multiple Endocrine Neoplasia type 1 (MEN1) is a rare hereditary endocrine cancer syndrome characterized primarily by tumors of the parathyroid glands (95% of cases), endocrine gastroenteropancreatic (GEP) tract (30–80% of cases), and anterior pituitary (15–90% of cases). [19]
Cancer rates in men are projected to jump by 84 percent from 2022 to 2050, while cancer deaths are expected to increase by 93.2 percent over the same time frame, according to the peer-reviewed study.
Cancer mortality rates are determined by the relationship of a population's health and lifestyle with their healthcare system. In the United States during 2013–2017, the age-adjusted mortality rate for all types of cancer was 189.5/100,000 for males, and 135.7/100,000 for females. [ 1 ]
Cancer deaths were projected to rise from 5.4 million in 2022 to 10.5 million in 2050, an increase of 93%. Deaths among men 65 and older were projected to increase by 117%.
Depending on source, the overall 5-year survival rate for medullary thyroid cancer is 80%, [16] 83% [17] or 86%, [6] and the 10-year survival rate is 75%. [16] By overall cancer staging into stages I to IV, the 5-year survival rate is 100% at stage I, 98% at stage II, 81% at stage III and 28% at stage IV. [18]
In the United States there has been an increase in the 5-year relative survival rate between people diagnosed with cancer in 1975-1977 (48.9%) and people diagnosed with cancer in 2007-2013 (69.2%); these figures coincide with a 20% decrease in cancer mortality from 1950 to 2014. [8]