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An ascus (from Ancient Greek ἀσκός (askós) 'skin bag, wineskin'; pl.: asci) [1] is the sexual spore-bearing cell produced in ascomycete fungi. Each ascus usually contains eight ascospores (or octad), produced by meiosis followed, in most species, by a mitotic cell division.
There are 2000 identified genera and 30,000 species of Ascomycota. The unifying characteristic among these diverse groups is the presence of a reproductive structure known as the ascus, though in some cases it has a reduced role in the life cycle. Many ascomycetes are of commercial importance.
The generic name polyascus (poly "many" + ascus "bag") refers to the typical presence of multiple external sac-like female bodies, known as externae. In Polyascus species, these originate from asexual reproduction. [1]
The Cordycipitaceae are a family of parasitic fungi in the Ascomycota, class Sordariomycetes and order Hypocreales.The family was first published in 1969 by mycologist Hanns Kreisel, [1] but the naming was invalid according to the code of International Code of Nomenclature for algae, fungi, and plants.
Usnea filipendula – one of about 20,000 described species of lichen. The following outline provides an overview of and topical guide to lichens.. Lichen – composite organism made up of multiple species – a fungal partner, one or more photosynthetic partners, which can be either green algae or cyanobacteria, and, in at least 52 genera of lichens, a yeast. [1]
The Annulatascaceae are a family of fungi in the monotypic order Annulatascales of the class Sordariomycetes of the Ascomycota. [1] The family had not been assigned to any order, [2] until 2020 when it was placed with a new order Annulatascales M.J. D'souza, Maharachch.
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The hamathecium (a term that refers to the tissues interspersed between the asci in the hymenium) consists of unbranched to slightly branched paraphyses that are amyloid. [1] There are usually eight spores per ascus, although sometimes this is reduced to four, or increased to 16–32 per ascus. [1]