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Nutcracker esophagus is characterized as a motility disorder of the esophagus, meaning that it is caused by abnormal movement, or peristalsis of the esophagus. [2] People with motility disorders present with two main symptoms: chest pain or difficulty with swallowing. Chest pain is the more common.
Esophageal spasm is a disorder of motility of the esophagus. [2] There are two types of esophageal spasm: [2] Diffuse or distal esophageal spasm (DES), where there is uncoordinated esophageal contractions; Nutcracker esophagus (NE) also known as hypertensive peristalsis, where the contractions are coordinated but with an excessive amplitude.
An esophageal motility disorder (EMD) is any medical disorder resulting from dysfunction of the coordinated movement of esophagus, which causes dysphagia (i.e. difficulty in swallowing, regurgitation of food). [1] Primary motility disorders are: [1] Achalasia; Diffuse esophageal spasm; Nutcracker esophagus; Hypertensive lower esophageal sphincter
The diagnostic criteria were later adjusted to distinguish relevant (symptomatic) EGJOO from isolated manometric findings of EGJOO without symptoms. [3] Individuals diagnosed with EGJOO based on Chicago 3.0 classification have an average age of 56–57 years. [1] EGJOO more commonly affects women (51-88%). [1] The average BMI is between 25 and ...
Decreasing intestinal motility prolongs the transit time of food content through the digestive tract, which allows for more fluid absorption; thereby alleviating diarrhea symptoms and improving stool consistency and frequency. [4] Unlike other opiates, loperamide does not cross the blood brain barrier, so there is minimal risk for abuse. [5]
The main symptoms of achalasia are dysphagia (difficulty in swallowing), regurgitation of undigested food, chest pain behind the sternum, and weight loss. [13] Dysphagia tends to become progressively worse over time and to involve both fluids and solids. Some people may also experience coughing when lying in a
The prevalence is greater in older people of both sexes, especially women. Overall, most patients with ODS are females. [ 23 ] Some of the reasons for this female predilection are thought to be related to trauma from childbirth through vaginal delivery, menopausal tissue changes and hysterectomy. [ 5 ]
According to these estimates, the majority of people will eventually develop the disorder if they remain on the drugs long enough. [52] Elderly people are more prone to develop tardive dyskinesia, and elderly women are more at-risk than elderly men. The risk is much lower for younger men and women, and also more equal across the sexes. [53]