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Mayan cross and circle boards have been found on stones from the 7th century AD. [5] Although frequently encountered among the native tribes of North America (particularly as a "quartered circle" design) these boards were not made of durable materials, so generally the writings and collections of European-Americans constitute their earliest ...
However, the term "cross and circle" is typically widened to include boards that replace the circle with a square, and cruciform boards that collapse the circle onto the cross; all three types are topologically equivalent. The Indian game Pachisi and its many descendants are perhaps the most well-known of all cross and circle games. [1]
Several board games from the Far East, Europe and the Americas are played on boards featuring a circle and two perpendicular diameters, along which some markers are moved. The most familiar games in this group are Ludo and Parcheesi, where the circle has been collapsed onto the cross.
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Parqués (Spanish pronunciation:) is the Colombian version of a board game in the cross and circle family (the category that includes Pachisi).The game is described as a "random thinking" game: the moves depend on the roll of the dice but players must consider possible strategies before executing their move.
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The word cross is recorded in 11th-century Old English as cros, exclusively for the instrument of Christ's crucifixion, replacing the native Old English word rood.The word's history is complicated; it appears to have entered English from Old Irish, possibly via Old Norse, ultimately from the Latin crux (or its accusative crucem and its genitive crucis), "stake, cross".