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Cross-dressing involves dressing contrary to the prevailing standards (or in some cases, laws) for a person of their gender in their own society. [4] The term "cross-dressing" refers to an action or a behavior, without attributing or implying any specific causes or motives for that behavior. Cross-dressing is not synonymous with being transgender.
Altenburger states that female-to-male cross-dressing entailed a movement forward in terms of social status, power, and freedom [2] whereas men who cross-dressed were ridiculed or otherwise viewed negatively. [4] Some people also alleged that men would cross-dress to gain access around women for their own sexual desire. [4]
Transvestism is the practice of dressing in a manner traditionally or stereotypically associated with a different gender. The terms transvestism and transvestite were coined by Magnus Hirschfeld in 1910. In the early 20th century, transvestite referred to cross-dressers, and also a variety of people who would now be considered transgender.
It is, however, usually documented in men. [5] There are two key criteria before a psychiatric diagnosis of "transvestic fetishism" is made: [1] Individuals must be sexually aroused by the act of cross-dressing. Individuals must experience significant distress or impairment – socially or occupationally – because of their behavior.
Those who "perform drag" as comedy do so while wearing dramatically heavy and often elaborate makeup, wigs, and prosthetic devices (breasts) as part of the performance costume. Women who dress as men and perform as hypermasculine men are sometimes called drag kings; however, drag king also has a much wider range of meanings. It is currently ...
Much study came out of Germany, and was exported to other Western audiences. Cross-dressing was seen in a pragmatic light until the late 1800s; it had previously served a satirical or disguising purpose. But in the latter half of the 1800s, cross-dressing and being transgender became viewed as an increasing societal danger. [112]
A North Carolina high school raised eyebrows after it encouraged students to cross-dress in conventional men's or women's clothing for "Gender-Bender" day, WTVD reports. A student government ...
Male-to-female cross-dressing is much less common in literature, and it is often used for comedic value or as a form of punishment for a male character. When it does appear, characters are often negatively feminized or portrayed as villains, in contrast to the heroism among female-to-male cross-dressers.