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A concrete slab is a common structural element of modern buildings, consisting of a flat, horizontal surface made of cast concrete. Steel- reinforced slabs, typically between 100 and 500 mm thick, are most often used to construct floors and ceilings, while thinner mud slabs may be used for exterior paving ( see below ).
A sufficient thickness of concrete cover is thus required in order to slow down the carbonatation process towards the rebar. The minimum concrete cover will depend on the environmental conditions encountered and must be thicker when the concrete is also exposed to moisture and chloride (proximity to the sea, use of de-icing salt for bridges or ...
When there is a probability that the temperature may fall below 5 °C within 24 hours of placing the concrete. The minimum strength before exposing concrete to extreme cold is 500 psi (3.4 MPa). CSA A 23.1 specified a compressive strength of 7.0 MPa to be considered safe for exposure to freezing.
Unbound granular materials are usually crushed stone, [3] crushed slag or concrete, or slate. Cement-bound materials come in multiple types. Mass concrete is used where exceptional loads are expected, with thickness usually 100 to 150 millimetres (4 to 6 in ), and optional reinforcement with steel mesh or polymer fibers.
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Stamped concrete in various patterns, highlighted with acid stain. Decorative concrete is the use of concrete as not simply a utilitarian medium for construction but as an aesthetic enhancement to a structure, while still serving its function as an integral part of the building itself such as floors, walls, driveways, and patios.
Ancient stamped concrete of the Pantheon in Rome Concrete stamped as part of the Works Progress Administration building projects Tribou & Blackman Co. Concrete Stamp, 1913, Birch St. & 3rd St., Walla Walla, WA, USA [1] The ancient Romans used basic concrete stamping techniques, as evidenced in well-known structures such as the Pantheon. [2]
The thickness varies widely based on region and code. It can be as little as 6 inches (150 mm) for non load-bearing walls and up to 24 inches (600 mm) for load-bearing walls. The thickness and density of rammed-earth walls make them suitable for soundproofing. They are also inherently fireproof, resistant to termite damage, and non-toxic.