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  2. Temporal motivation theory - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Temporal_motivation_theory

    In psychology, temporal motivation theory (TMT) is an integrative motivational theory developed by Piers Steel and Cornelius J. König. The theory emphasizes time as a critical and motivational factor. The argument for a broad, integrative theory stems from the absence of a single theory that can address motivation in its entirety.

  3. Walden inversion - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Walden_inversion

    In the Walden inversion, the backside attack by the nucleophile in an S N 2 reaction gives rise to a product whose configuration is opposite to the reactant. Therefore, during S N 2 reaction, 100% inversion of product takes place. This is known as Walden inversion. It was first observed by chemist Paul Walden in 1896.

  4. Observer-expectancy effect - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Observer-expectancy_effect

    The observer-expectancy effect [a] is a form of reactivity in which a researcher's cognitive bias causes them to subconsciously influence the participants of an experiment. Confirmation bias can lead to the experimenter interpreting results incorrectly because of the tendency to look for information that conforms to their hypothesis, and ...

  5. Neoteny in humans - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neoteny_in_humans

    Bruce Charlton, a Newcastle University psychology professor, said what looks like immaturity — or in his terms, the "retention of youthful attitudes and behaviors into later adulthood" — is actually a valuable developmental characteristic, which he calls psychological neoteny. [38]

  6. Extraversion and introversion - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Extraversion_and_introversion

    The terms were introduced into psychology by Carl Jung, [1] though both the popular understanding and current psychological usage are not the same as Jung's original concept. Extraversion (also spelled extroversion [ 2 ] ) tends to be manifested in outgoing, talkative, energetic behavior, whereas introversion is manifested in more reflective ...

  7. SN1 reaction - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/SN1_reaction

    General reaction scheme for the S N 1 reaction. The leaving group is denoted "X", and the nucleophile is denoted "Nu–H". The unimolecular nucleophilic substitution (S N 1) reaction is a substitution reaction in organic chemistry.

  8. Outline of life extension - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Outline_of_life_extension

    The following outline is provided as an overview of and topical guide to life extension: Life extension – study of slowing down or reversing the processes of aging to extend both the maximum and average lifespan. Also known as anti-aging medicine, experimental gerontology, and biomedical gerontology.

  9. Reinforcement - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Reinforcement

    In behavioral psychology, reinforcement refers to consequences that increase the likelihood of an organism's future behavior, typically in the presence of a particular antecedent stimulus. [1] For example, a rat can be trained to push a lever to receive food whenever a light is turned on; in this example, the light is the antecedent stimulus ...