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The LD 50 values have a very wide range. The botulinum toxin as the most toxic substance known has an LD 50 value of 1 ng/kg, while the most non-toxic substance water has an LD 50 value of more than 90 g/kg; a difference of about 1 in 100 billion, or 11 orders of magnitude. As with all measured values that differ by many orders of magnitude, a ...
The LD 50 (median lethal dose) for pure oxalic acid in rats is about 375 mg/kg body weight, [29] or about 25 grams for a 65-kilogram (143 lb) human. Although the oxalic acid content of rhubarb leaves can vary, a typical value is about 0.5%, [30] so almost 5 kg of the extremely sour leaves would have to be consumed to reach the LD 50.
LD 50: Intravenous: 0.100: Sense Organs and Special Senses (Eye): lacrimation Behavioral: convulsions or effect on seizure threshold Lungs, Thorax, or Respiration: dyspnea Mouse: LD 50: Oral: 1: Details of toxic effects not reported other than lethal dose value Mouse: LD 50: Subcutaneous: 0.270: Details of toxic effects not reported other than ...
Methanol is a promising energy carrier because, as a liquid, it is easier to store than hydrogen and natural gas. Its energy density is, however, lower than methane , per kg. Its combustion energy density is 15.6 MJ / L ( LHV ), whereas that of ethanol is 24 and gasoline is 33 MJ/L.
Thujone (/ ˈ θ uː dʒ oʊ n / ⓘ [2]) is a ketone and a monoterpene that occurs predominantly in two diastereomeric forms: (−)-α-thujone and (+)-β-thujone. [3] [4]Though it is best known as a chemical compound in the spirit absinthe, it is only present in trace amounts and is unlikely to be responsible for the spirit's purported stimulant and psychoactive effects.
Cicuta virosa, Mackenzie's water hemlock. Cicutoxin is found in five species of water hemlock, all belonging to the family Apiaceae.These include all four species in the genus Cicuta [14] and one species from the genus Oenanthe: the bulblet-bearing water hemlock, C. bulbifera; the Douglas water hemlock, C. douglasii; the spotted water hemlock or spotted cowbane, C. maculata; Mackenzie's water ...
1-Tetradecanol, or commonly myristyl alcohol (from Myristica fragrans – the nutmeg plant), is a straight-chain saturated fatty alcohol, with the molecular formula CH 3 (CH 2) 12 CH 2 OH. It is a white waxy solid that is practically insoluble in water, soluble in diethyl ether , and slightly soluble in ethanol .
An ergine analog, 8-hydroxyergine, has also been found in natural products in two studies. [ 23 ] [ 24 ] Methylergonovine and methylmethylergonovine ( methysergide ) have also been found in a natural product in only one study; [ 25 ] these are documented as semisynthetic chemicals, so the findings need to be repeated for certainty.