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Hydrodynamics simulation of the Rayleigh–Taylor instability [3] Unstable flow structure generated from the collision of two impinging jets.. Fluid instabilities occur in liquids, gases and plasmas, and are often characterized by the shape that form; they are studied in fluid dynamics and magnetohydrodynamics.
For A close to 0, RT instability flows take the form of symmetric "fingers" of fluid; for A close to 1, the much lighter fluid "below" the heavier fluid takes the form of larger bubble-like plumes. [2] This process is evident not only in many terrestrial examples, from salt domes to weather inversions, but also in astrophysics and ...
Three examples of droplet detachment for different fluids: (left) water, (center) glycerol, (right) a solution of PEG in water. In fluid dynamics, the Plateau–Rayleigh instability, often just called the Rayleigh instability, explains why and how a falling stream of fluid breaks up into smaller packets with the same total volume but less surface area per droplet.
The study of this instability is applicable in plasma physics, for example in inertial confinement fusion and the plasma–beryllium interface. In situations where there is a state of static stability (where there is a continuous density gradient), the Rayleigh–Taylor instability is often insignificant compared to the magnitude of the Kelvin ...
The Kelvin–Helmholtz instability can be seen in the bands in planetary atmospheres such as Saturn and Jupiter, for example in the giant red spot vortex. In the atmosphere surrounding the giant red spot there is the biggest example of KHI that is known of and is caused by the shear force at the interface of the different layers of Jupiter's ...
Elastic instability is a form of instability occurring in elastic systems, such as buckling of beams and plates subject to large compressive loads. There are a lot of ways to study this kind of instability.
Severe weather can occur under a variety of situations, but three characteristics are generally needed: a temperature or moisture boundary, moisture, and (in the event of severe, precipitation-based events) instability in the atmosphere.
Using the axioms of elastic instability theory, namely that equilibrium is any point where is stationary with respect to the coordinate measuring the degree(s) of freedom and that these points are only stable if is a local minimum and unstable if otherwise (e.g. maximum or a point of inflection). [8]