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Map of the United States with Minnesota highlighted. Minnesota is a state situated in the Midwestern United States.According to the 2020 United States census, Minnesota is the 22nd most populous state with 5,706,494 inhabitants but the 14th largest by land area, spanning 79,626.74 square miles (206,232.3 km 2) of land. [1]
A typical example is the shrinkage prior, proposed by Robert Litterman (1979) [3] [4] and subsequently developed by other researchers at University of Minnesota, [5] [6] (i.e. Sims C, 1989), which is known in the BVAR literature as the "Minnesota prior".
Minnesota, showing major roads, railroads, and bodies of water. The U.S. State of Minnesota is the northernmost state outside Alaska; its isolated Northwest Angle in Lake of the Woods is the only part of the 48 contiguous states lying north of the 49th parallel north. Minnesota is in the U.S. region known as the Upper Midwest in
An estimation procedure that is often claimed to be part of Bayesian statistics is the maximum a posteriori (MAP) estimate of an unknown quantity, that equals the mode of the posterior density with respect to some reference measure, typically the Lebesgue measure.
An informative prior expresses specific, definite information about a variable. An example is a prior distribution for the temperature at noon tomorrow. A reasonable approach is to make the prior a normal distribution with expected value equal to today's noontime temperature, with variance equal to the day-to-day variance of atmospheric temperature, or a distribution of the temperature for ...
In Bayesian statistics, the Jeffreys prior is a non-informative prior distribution for a parameter space. Named after Sir Harold Jeffreys , [ 1 ] its density function is proportional to the square root of the determinant of the Fisher information matrix:
The St. Cloud Metropolitan Statistical Area, as defined by the United States Census Bureau, consists of two counties in central Minnesota, anchored by the city of St. Cloud. In the 2010 census, the MSA had a population of 201,093; a July 1, 2012, Census Bureau estimate placed the population at 190,014. [1]
The demographics of Minnesota are tracked by the United States Census Bureau, with additional data gathered by the Minnesota State Demographic Center. [ 2 ] [ 3 ] According to the most recent estimates, Minnesota's population as of 2020 was approximately 5.7 million, making it the 22nd most populous state in the United States. [ 4 ]