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Amphibians are ectothermic, anamniotic, four-limbed vertebrate animals that constitute the class Amphibia. In its broadest sense, it is a paraphyletic group encompassing all tetrapods excluding the amniotes (tetrapods with an amniotic membrane, such as modern reptiles, birds and mammals).
It is widely accepted by a broad spectrum of scientists and philosophers that non-human animals can perceive pain, including pain in amphibians. Pain is a complex mental state, with a distinct perceptual quality but also associated with suffering , which is an emotional state.
A chytrid-killed frog. Chytridiomycosis in Atelopus varius —two sporangia containing numerous zoospores are visible. Chytridiomycosis (/ kaɪˌtrɪdiəmaɪˈkoʊsɪs / ky-TRID-ee-ə-my-KOH-sis) is an infectious disease in amphibians, caused by the chytrid fungi Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis and Batrachochytrium salamandrivorans.
rashes, itching, inflammation, oozing, and, in severe cases, a burning sensation. Urushiol-induced contact dermatitis (also called Toxicodendron dermatitis or Rhus dermatitis) is a type of allergic contact dermatitis caused by the oil urushiol found in various plants, most notably sumac family species of the genus Toxicodendron: poison ivy ...
Inflammation (from Latin: inflammatio) is part of the biological response of body tissues to harmful stimuli, such as pathogens, damaged cells, or irritants. [ 1 ][ 2 ] The five cardinal signs are heat, pain, redness, swelling, and loss of function (Latin calor, dolor, rubor, tumor, and functio laesa). Inflammation is a generic response, and ...
Appearance. A mycotoxin (from the Greek μύκης mykes, "fungus" and τοξικός toxikos, "poisonous") [ 1 ][ 2 ] is a toxic secondary metabolite produced by fungi [ 3 ][ 4 ] and is capable of causing disease and death in both humans and other animals. [ 5 ][ 6 ] The term 'mycotoxin' is usually reserved for the toxic chemical products ...
Anaphylaxis(Greek: ana-'up' + phylaxis'guarding') is a serious, potentially fatal allergic reactionand medical emergencythat is rapid in onset and requires immediate medical attention regardless of the use of emergency medication on site. [4][5]It typically causes more than one of the following: an itchy rash, throat closing due to swelling ...
Type 2 inflammation. Type 2 inflammation is a pattern of immune response. Its physiological function is to defend the body against helminths, but a dysregulation of the type 2 inflammatory response has been implicated in the pathophysiology of several diseases. [1][2]