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2. Topsoil - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Topsoil

   Topsoil is composed of mineral particles and organic matter and usually extends to a depth of 5-10 inches (13–25 cm). Together these make a substrate capable of holding water and air which encourages biological activity. There are generally a high concentration of roots in topsoil since this is where plants obtain most of their vital nutrients.

3. International Year of Soil - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/International_Year_of_Soil

   The International Year of Soils, 2015 (IYS 2015) was declared by the Sixty-eighth session of the United Nations General Assembly on December 20, 2013, after recognizing December 5 as World Soil Day. [1][2] The purpose of the IYS was to raise awareness worldwide of the importance of soils for food security, [3] agriculture, [4] as well as in ...

4. Subsurface textile irrigation - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Subsurface_textile_irrigation

   Subsurface Textile Irrigation (SSTI) is a technology designed specifically for subsurface irrigation in all soil textures from desert sands to heavy clays. The use of SSTI will significantly reduce the usage of water, [1] fertilizer and herbicide. It will lower on-going operational costs and, if maintained properly, will last for decades.

5. Hardpan - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Hardpan

   Hardpan. In soil science, agriculture and gardening, hardpan or soil pan is a dense layer of soil, usually found below the uppermost topsoil layer. [1] There are different types of hardpan, all sharing the general characteristic of being a distinct soil layer that is largely impervious to water. Some hardpans are formed by deposits in the soil ...

6. Plant nutrients in soil - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Plant_nutrients_in_soil

   Nutrients in the soil are taken up by the plant through its roots, and in particular its root hairs.To be taken up by a plant, a nutrient element must be located near the root surface; however, the supply of nutrients in contact with the root is rapidly depleted within a distance of ca. 2 mm. [14] There are three basic mechanisms whereby nutrient ions dissolved in the soil solution are brought ...

7. Structural Soil - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Structural_Soil

   Structural Soil is a medium that can be compacted to pavement design and installation requirements while permitting root growth. It is a mixture of gap-graded gravels (mostly made of crushed stone) and soil (mineral content and organic content). It provides an integrated, root penetrable, high strength pavement system that shifts design away ...