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English as a second or foreign language refers to the use of English by individuals whose native language is different, commonly among students learning to speak and write English. Variably known as English as a foreign language (EFL), English as a second language (ESL), English for speakers of other languages (ESOL), English as an additional ...
While targeting "English language students and researchers" (p. 45), an abridged version of the grammar was released in 2002, Longman Student Grammar of Spoken and Written English, together with a workbook entitled Longman Student Grammar of Spoken and Written English Workbook, to be used by students on university and teacher-training courses.
English has many meaningless and redundant words. These are typical of informal speech, but in formal writing they give unnecessary emphasis, or purple prose. It's easy to remove these. Some words can always be removed: actual and its derivatives serve no purpose. Also, Just and some are frequently unnecessary:
A summary is not meant to reproduce the experience of reading or watching the work. In fact, readers might be here because they didn't understand the original. Just repeating what they have already seen or read is unlikely to help them. Do not attempt to re-create the emotional impact of the work through the plot summary.
In a book of technical writing, the introduction may include one or more standard subsections: abstract or summary, preface, acknowledgments, and foreword. Alternatively, the section labeled introduction itself may be a brief section found along with abstract, foreword, etc. (rather than containing them).
In applying summary style to articles, care must be taken to avoid a POV fork (that is, a split that results in either the original article or the spinoff violating NPOV policy), a difference in approach between the summary section and the spinoff article, etc. Note that this doesn't mean that an article treating one point of view is ...
An executive summary (or management summary, sometimes also called speed read) is a short document or section of a document produced for business purposes. It summarizes a longer report or proposal or a group of related reports in such a way that readers can rapidly become acquainted with a large body of material without having to read it all.
Epitome, a summary or miniature form; Abridgement, the act of reducing a written work into a shorter form; Summary or executive summary of a document, a short document or section that summarizes a longer document such as a report or proposal or a group of related reports; Introduction (writing) Summary (law), which has several meanings in law