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2. Circuit breaker (overcurrent) - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Circuit_breaker_(overcurrent)

   An early form of circuit breaker was described by Thomas Edison in an 1879 patent application, although his commercial power distribution system used fuses. [2] Its purpose was to protect lighting circuit wiring from accidental short circuits and overloads.

3. Residual-current device - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Residual-current_device

   A residual-current circuit breaker cannot remove all risk of electric shock or fire. In particular, an RCD alone will not detect overload conditions, phase-to-neutral short circuits or phase-to-phase short circuits (see three-phase electric power). Over-current protection (fuses or circuit breakers) must be provided. Circuit breakers that ...

4. Arc-fault circuit interrupter - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Arc-fault_circuit_interrupter

   A combination AFCI breaker provides protection against parallel arcing (line to neutral), series arcing (a loose, broken, or otherwise high resistance segment in a single line), ground arcing (from line or neutral to ground), overload, and short circuit. The AFCI will open the circuit if dangerous arcing is detected.

5. Power system protection - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Power_system_protection

   A circuit breaker or protection relay may fail to operate. In important systems, a failure of primary protection will usually result in the operation of back-up protection. Remote back-up protection will generally remove both the affected and unaffected items of plant to clear the fault.

6. Current limiting - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Current_limiting

   Current limiting is the practice of imposing a limit on the current that may be delivered to a load to protect the circuit generating or transmitting the current from harmful effects due to a short-circuit or overload. The term "current limiting" is also used to define a type of overcurrent protective device.

7. Earth-leakage circuit breaker - Wikipedia

   en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Earth-leakage_circuit_breaker

   An earth-leakage circuit breaker (ELCB) is a safety device used in electrical installations to prevent shock. It consists of either a current sensing mechanism, or a voltage sensing mechanism. Such a protection mechanism may be found in the form of distribution board modules, standalone devices, and special sockets (aka receptacles).