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The equation for universal gravitation thus takes the form: =, where F is the gravitational force acting between two objects, m 1 and m 2 are the masses of the objects, r is the distance between the centers of their masses, and G is the gravitational constant.
A common misconception occurs between centre of mass and centre of gravity.They are defined in similar ways but are not exactly the same quantity. Centre of mass is the mathematical description of placing all the mass in the region considered to one position, centre of gravity is a real physical quantity, the point of a body where the gravitational force acts.
In Newton's law, it is the proportionality constant connecting the gravitational force between two bodies with the product of their masses and the inverse square of their distance. In the Einstein field equations , it quantifies the relation between the geometry of spacetime and the energy–momentum tensor (also referred to as the stress ...
The first equation shows that, after one second, an object will have fallen a distance of 1/2 × 9.8 × 1 2 = 4.9 m. After two seconds it will have fallen 1/2 × 9.8 × 2 2 = 19.6 m; and so on. On the other hand, the penultimate equation becomes grossly inaccurate at great distances.
Newton's law of universal gravitation states that there is a gravitational force between any two masses that is equal in magnitude for each mass, and is aligned to draw the two masses toward each other. The formula is: = where and are any two masses, is the gravitational constant, and is the distance between the two point-like masses. Two ...
The gravitational force between two bodies of mass M and m separated by a distance r is given by Newton's law of universal gravitation = ^, where ^ is a vector of length 1 pointing from M to m and G is the gravitational constant.
The location of L 1 is the solution to the following equation, gravitation providing the centripetal force: = (+) + where r is the distance of the L 1 point from the smaller object, R is the distance between the two main objects, and M 1 and M 2 are the masses of the large and small object, respectively.
For two pairwise interacting point particles, the gravitational potential energy is the work that an outside agent must do in order to quasi-statically bring the masses together (which is therefore, exactly opposite the work done by the gravitational field on the masses): = = where is the displacement vector of the mass, is gravitational force acting on it and denotes scalar product.