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In atomic physics, the electron magnetic moment, or more specifically the electron magnetic dipole moment, is the magnetic moment of an electron resulting from its intrinsic properties of spin and electric charge. The value of the electron magnetic moment (symbol μ e) is −9.284 764 6917 (29) × 10 −24 J⋅T −1. [1]
The measurement of neutrino magnetic moments is an active area of research. Experimental results have put the neutrino magnetic moment at less than 1.2 × 10 −10 times the electron's magnetic moment. On the other hand, elementary particles with spin but without electric charge, such as the photon and Z boson, do not have a magnetic moment.
For example, any electron's magnetic moment is measured to be −9.284 764 × 10 −24 J/T. [17] The direction of the magnetic moment of any elementary particle is entirely determined by the direction of its spin, with the negative value indicating that any electron's magnetic moment is antiparallel to its spin.
Second, the inherent rotation, or spin, of the electron has a spin magnetic moment. In the Bohr model of the atom, for an electron that is in the orbit of lowest energy, its orbital angular momentum has magnitude equal to the reduced Planck constant, denoted ħ. The Bohr magneton is the magnitude of the magnetic dipole moment of an electron ...
The electron's electric dipole moment (EDM) must be collinear with the direction of the electron's magnetic moment (spin). [1] Within the Standard Model, such a dipole is predicted to be non-zero but very small, at most 10 −38 e⋅cm, [2] where e stands for the elementary charge.
For an electron, s is 1 ⁄ 2, and m s is either + 1 ⁄ 2 or − 1 ⁄ 2, often called "spin-up" and "spin-down", or α and β. [1] [2] The term magnetic in the name refers to the magnetic dipole moment associated with each type of angular momentum, so states having different magnetic quantum numbers shift in energy in a magnetic field ...
An electron with spin angular momentum, s, has a magnetic moment, μ s, given by: =, where g s is the electron spin g-factor and the negative sign is because the electron is negatively charged (consider that negatively and positively charged particles with identical mass, travelling on equivalent paths, would have the same angular momentum, but ...
The spin magnetic moment of the electron is =, where is the spin (or intrinsic angular-momentum) vector, is the Bohr magneton, and = is the electron-spin g-factor. Here μ {\displaystyle {\boldsymbol {\mu }}} is a negative constant multiplied by the spin , so the spin magnetic moment is antiparallel to the spin.