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Catholic social doctrine is rooted in the social teachings of the New Testament, [13] the Church Fathers, [14] the Old Testament, and Hebrew scriptures. [15] [16] The church responded to historical conditions in medieval and early modern Europe with philosophical and theological teachings on social justice which considered the nature of humanity, society, economy, and politics. [17]
Pope John XXIII in 1961, after calling the Second Vatican Council and on the 70th anniversary of Rerum Novarum, published the encyclical Mater et Magistra ("Mother and teacher") to encourage Christians to respect human dignity and the community of all peoples, with an emphasis on the fact that economic conditions that place profit over human welfare fail to respect human dignity.
[7] Specifically, it deals with questions on divine providence, the church as the mission of Jesus Christ and its social doctrine, the human person and human rights, the family in society, human work and the economy, the political and international communities, the environment, promoting peace, pastoral actions and the activities of the laity.
Sollicitudo rei socialis (Latin: The Social Concern) is an encyclical letter promulgated by Pope John Paul II on 30 December 1987, on the twentieth anniversary of Populorum progressio. It deals once more with the theme of development along two fundamental lines:
Catholic social teaching affirms a right to private property that is limited by the common purpose of goods (#30). Work, which is in our day work with and for others, is the human response to God's gifts (#31). The possession of know-how, technology, and skill is surpassing land as the decisive factor of production (#32).
Laborem exercens begins with a scriptural argument that work is more than just an activity or a commodity, but an essential part of human nature.. The Church finds in the very first pages of the Book of Genesis the source of her conviction that work is a fundamental dimension of human existence on earth. ...
This category includes the official statements by the magisterium of the Catholic Church which constitute a part of the tradition of Catholic social teaching. It thereby includes official statements of popes, councils, synods, bishops' conferences, and individual bishops.
Catholic moral theology is a major category of doctrine in the Catholic Church, equivalent to a religious ethics. Moral theology encompasses Catholic social teaching, Catholic medical ethics, sexual ethics, and various doctrines on individual moral virtue and moral theory. It can be distinguished as dealing with "how one is to act", in contrast ...