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Alpha-glucosidase inhibitors (AGIs) are oral anti-diabetic drugs used for diabetes mellitus type 2 that work by preventing the digestion of carbohydrates (such as starch and table sugar). They are found in raw plants/herbs such as cinnamon and bacteria (containing the inhibitor acarbose ).
It is defined as "catalysis of the hydrolysis of terminal, non-reducing alpha-linked alpha-D-glucose residue with release of alpha-D-glucose." In this sense, "alpha-glucosidase" can encompass a wide range of enzyme activitiess, differing by the linkage of their terminal (1→3, 1→4, or 1→6), the specific identity of their substrate (sucrose ...
Aspergillusol A is an alpha-glucosidase inhibitor isolated from marine Aspergillus. [2] Structurally, it consists of an erythritol group in the center, with two hydroxyimino-phenylpropanoyl groups attached to it from either side.
From these natural templates many other inhibitors have been developed, including isofagomine and deoxygalactonojirimycin, and various unsaturated compounds such as PUGNAc. Inhibitors that are in clinical use include the anti-diabetic drugs acarbose and miglitol, and the antiviral drugs oseltamivir and zanamivir. Some proteins have been found ...
Beta-glucosidase # EC 3.2.1.21 : is associated with Gaucher's disease: Lactase: EC 3.2.1.23 : one member of the β-galactosidase family, breaks down milk sugars, and its absence in adulthood causes lactose intolerance: Debranching enzyme # EC 3.2.1.33: in mammals, yeast and some bacteria, combines transferase and glucosidase activity in ...
An inhibitor of alpha-amylase, called phaseolamin, has been tested as a potential diet aid. [10] When used as a food additive, amylase has E number E1100, and may be derived from pig pancreas or mold fungi. Bacilliary amylase is also used in clothing and dishwasher detergents to dissolve starches from fabrics and dishes.
1-Deoxynojirimycin (DNJ or 1-DNJ), also called duvoglustat or moranolin, [1] is an alpha-glucosidase inhibitor, most commonly found in mulberry leaves. Although it can be obtained in small quantities by brewing an herbal tea from mulberry leaves, interest in commercial production has led to research on developing mulberry tea higher in DNJ, [2] and on alternate routes of production, such as ...
Alpha-glucosidase inhibitors are a class of diabetes drugs found in plants/herbs like cinnamon; [3] however, they are technically not hypoglycemic agents because they do not have a direct effect on insulin secretion or sensitivity. These agents slow the digestion of starch in the small intestine, such that glucose from the starch enters the ...