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What is the anatomy of the portal vein? Your portal vein forms at the point where your superior mesenteric vein (SMV) and splenic vein meet. From there, your portal vein travels upward and toward the right, behind your hepatic artery, until it reaches your liver.
There are two venous systems that drain abdominal structures – the portal venous system and the systemic venous system. The portal system transports venous blood to the liver for processing, whilst the systemic venous system returns blood to the right atrium of the heart.
During development, the hepatic portal system is composed of the vitelline venous system in conjunction with the umbilical veins. The primitive venous system of the liver begins as the right and left vitelline veins.
In human anatomy, the hepatic portal system or portal venous system is the system of veins comprising the portal vein and its tributaries. The other portal venous system in the body is the hypophyseal portal system. [1]
In the circulatory system of vertebrates, a portal venous system occurs when a capillary bed pools into another capillary bed through veins, without first going through the heart. Both capillary beds and the blood vessels that connect them are considered part of the portal venous system.
The portal vein (PV) is the main vessel of the portal venous system (PVS), which drains the blood from the gastrointestinal tract, gallbladder, pancreas, and spleen to the liver. There are several variants affecting the PV, and quite a number of congenital and acquired pathologies.
The hepatic portal vein is an important and unique vein that receives blood from structures of the abdomen and transports it into the liver for filtration and processing. This vein is part of the hepatic portal system that receives all of the blood draining from the abdominal digestive tract, as well as from the pancreas, gallbladder, and spleen.