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A DNA vaccine is a type of vaccine that transfects a specific antigen -coding DNA sequence into the cells of an organism as a mechanism to induce an immune response. [1][2] DNA vaccines work by injecting genetically engineered plasmid containing the DNA sequence encoding the antigen (s) against which an immune response is sought, so the cells ...
How vectors work to transfer genetic material. Gene therapy utilizes the delivery of DNA into cells, which can be accomplished by several methods, summarized below. The two major classes of methods are those that use recombinant viruses (sometimes called biological nanoparticles or viral vectors) and those that use naked DNA or DNA complexes (non-viral methods).
IC41 is a peptide vaccine candidate against the Hepatitis C virus. It consists of five synthetic peptides along with the synthetic adjuvant called poly-l-arginine. [13] Multimeric-001 is the most efficient peptide vaccine candidate against influenza. It contains B- and T-cell epitopes from Hemagglutinin.
A nucleoside-modified messenger RNA (modRNA) is a synthetic messenger RNA (mRNA) in which some nucleosides are replaced by other naturally modified nucleosides or by synthetic nucleoside analogues. [ 1 ] modRNA is used to induce the production of a desired protein in certain cells. An important application is the development of mRNA vaccines ...
SM-102 is a synthetic amino lipid which is used in combination with other lipids to form lipid nanoparticles. [1] These are used for the delivery of mRNA-based vaccines, [2][3][4] and in particular SM-102 forms part of the drug delivery system for the Moderna COVID-19 vaccine. [5][6][7] Lipid nanoparticles are an extension of earlier RNA ...
The Novavax COVID-19 vaccine, sold under the brand names Nuvaxovid and Covovax, [1] among others, is a subunit COVID-19 vaccine developed by Novavax and the Coalition for Epidemic Preparedness Innovations. [31] It contains a recombinant spike protein from the SARS-CoV-2 Omicron variant lineage JN.1.
Gene delivery is the process of introducing foreign genetic material, such as DNA or RNA, into host cells. [1] Gene delivery must reach the genome of the host cell to induce gene expression. [2] Successful gene delivery requires the foreign gene delivery to remain stable within the host cell and can either integrate into the genome or replicate ...
A subunit vaccine is a vaccine that contains purified parts of the pathogen that are antigenic, or necessary to elicit a protective immune response. [ 1 ] [ 2 ] Subunit vaccine can be made from dissembled viral particles in cell culture or recombinant DNA expression, [ 3 ] in which case it is a recombinant subunit vaccine .