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Greathead was the first to ever use a cylindrical tunnelling shield, which he did in the course of the construction of the Tower Subway under the River Thames in central London in 1869. The Greathead shield was 7 feet 3 inches (2.21 m) in diameter. Similarly, Alfred Ely Beach opened his tunnel to the public on March 1, 1870
Another patent by Greathead was the addition of the grouting pan at ceiling height that allowed cement grout to be applied hydraulically behind the vast cast iron shields to stabilise the tunnel wall outside the shield sections. A third tunnelling shield was patented by Greathead that introduced hydraulic pressure nozzles at the tunnel face to ...
The Tower Subway is a tunnel beneath the River Thames in central London, between Tower Hill on the north bank of the river and Vine Lane (off Tooley Street) on the south. In 1869 a 1,340-foot-long (410 m) circular tunnel was dug through the London clay using a cast iron circular shield independently invented and built by James Henry Greathead ...
The Greathead tunnelling shield in use on the Waterloo & City Railway. The route starts from a point south-east of Waterloo main line station, halfway between Lower Marsh and the now-vanished Aubyn Street, which was destroyed in the station's early 20th century expansion and was located more or less where today's platforms 3 and 4 are.
The unnamed British company advertised bonds in England in 1889 to raise money for construction. Following another blowout in 1890, the company turned to shield tunneling. [18]: 2 The firm used a new device developed by Greathead, a pneumatic shield called the "Greathead Shield", to extend the tunnel by 1,600 feet (490 m).
James Henry Greathead (Barlow's pupil), independently designed, patented and built the first cylindrical tunnelling shield used on the 11-month construction of the Tower Subway in 1869 and 1870 - the second tunnel under the Thames. Barlow was the engineer with Greathead as the contractor, according to W. C. Copperthwaite in his 1906 book on ...
Brunel's tunnelling shield was later refined, with James Henry Greathead playing a particularly important role in developing the technology. In 1991, the Thames Tunnel was designated as an International Historic Civil Engineering Landmark by the American Society of Civil Engineers and the Institution of Civil Engineers. [18]
The Greathead shield at the south end of platform 10 South of the Northern City platform 10 is a Greathead tunnelling shield . [ 36 ] The shield was used to dig part of a very short planned extension south to Lothbury , quickly abandoned.