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Bacteremia is defined as either a primary or secondary process. In primary bacteremia, bacteria have been directly introduced into the bloodstream. [37] Injection drug use may lead to primary bacteremia. In the hospital setting, use of blood vessel catheters contaminated with bacteria may also lead to primary bacteremia. [37]
Septic shock is low blood pressure due to sepsis that does not improve after fluid replacement. [ 9 ] Sepsis is caused by many organisms including bacteria, viruses and fungi. [ 10 ] Common locations for the primary infection include the lungs, brain, urinary tract, skin, and abdominal organs. [ 2 ]
A blood culture is a medical laboratory test used to detect bacteria or fungi in a person's blood. Under normal conditions, the blood does not contain microorganisms: their presence can indicate a bloodstream infection such as bacteremia or fungemia, which in severe cases may result in sepsis. By culturing the blood, microbes can be identified ...
Serratia marcescens (/ səˈreɪʃiə mɑːrˈsɛsɪnz /) [3][failed verification] is a species of rod-shaped, Gram-negative bacteria in the family Yersiniaceae. It is a facultative anaerobe and an opportunistic pathogen in humans. It was discovered in 1819 by Bartolomeo Bizio in Padua, Italy. [4] S. marcescens is commonly involved in hospital ...
On blood agar, this appears as wide areas clear of blood cells surrounding bacterial colonies. Gamma-hemolytic species cause no hemolysis. [11] Beta-hemolytic streptococci are further classified by Lancefield grouping, a serotype classification (that is, describing specific carbohydrates present on the bacterial cell wall). [6]
Group A streptococcal infections are a number of infections with Streptococcus pyogenes, a group A streptococcus (GAS). [ 1 ]S. pyogenes is a species of beta-hemolytic Gram-positive bacteria that is responsible for a wide range of infections that are mostly common and fairly mild. If the bacteria enters the bloodstream, the infection can become ...
[3] [43] Once the bacteria have entered the bloodstream, they can infect various organs, causing infective endocarditis, septic arthritis, and osteomyelitis. [43] This disease is particularly prevalent and severe in the very young and very old. [3] Without antibiotic treatment, S. aureus bacteremia has a case fatality rate around 80%. [3]
Clostridium tertium is a Gram-positive, spore forming, anaerobic bacillus found in the soil and the gut of many animal species, including humans. [3] C. tertium distinguishes itself from other clostridia as a non-toxin producing, aerotolerant, non-histotoxic and non-lipolytic species. [3] Aerotolerant strains of anaerobic bacteria can tolerate ...