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Vitamin D toxicity. Cholecalciferol (shown above) and ergocalciferol are the two major forms of vitamin D. Specialty. Endocrinology, toxicology. Vitamin D toxicity, or hypervitaminosis D, is the toxic state of an excess of vitamin D. The normal range for blood concentration in adults is 20 to 50 nanograms per milliliter (ng/mL).
Vitamin D 5. sitocalciferol. (made from 7-dehydrositosterol) Several forms (vitamers) of vitamin D exist, with the two major forms being vitamin D 2 or ergocalciferol, and vitamin D 3 or cholecalciferol. [ 1 ] The term 'vitamin D' refers to either D 2 or D 3, or both, and is known collectively as calciferol.
Ergocalciferol, also known as vitamin D2 and nonspecifically calciferol, is a type of vitamin D found in food and used as a dietary supplement. [3] As a supplement it is used to prevent and treat vitamin D deficiency. [4] This includes vitamin D deficiency due to poor absorption by the intestines or liver disease. [5]
Dopamine receptor D 2, also known as D 2 R, is a protein that, in humans, is encoded by the DRD2 gene.After work from Paul Greengard's lab had suggested that dopamine receptors were the site of action of antipsychotic drugs, several groups, including those of Solomon H. Snyder and Philip Seeman used a radiolabeled antipsychotic drug to identify what is now known as the dopamine D 2 receptor. [5]
Neuroleptics act primarily on this dopamine system, and older neuroleptics, which have greater affinity for the D2 binding site, are associated with high risk for tardive dyskinesia. [20] The D2 hypersensitivity hypothesis is also supported by evidence of a dose–response relationship , withdrawal effects, studies on D2 agonists and ...
Cabergoline. Cabergoline, sold under the brand name Dostinex among others, is a dopaminergic medication used in the treatment of high prolactin levels, prolactinomas, Parkinson's disease, and for other indications. [2] It is taken by mouth. Cabergoline is an ergot derivative and a potent dopamine D 2 receptor agonist.
The neurotransmitter dopamine is the primary endogenous ligand for dopamine receptors. Dopamine receptors are implicated in many neurological processes, including motivational and incentive salience, cognition, memory, learning, and fine motor control, as well as modulation of neuroendocrine signaling. Abnormal dopamine receptor signaling and ...
Dopamine (DA, a contraction of 3,4- d ihydr o xy p henethyl amine) is a neuromodulatory molecule that plays several important roles in cells. It is an organic chemical of the catecholamine and phenethylamine families. Dopamine constitutes about 80% of the catecholamine content in the brain.
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