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Donald Knuth. Donald Ervin Knuth (/ kəˈnuːθ / [3] kə-NOOTH; born January 10, 1938) is an American computer scientist and mathematician. He is a professor emeritus at Stanford University. He is the 1974 recipient of the ACM Turing Award, informally considered the Nobel Prize of computer science. [4] Knuth has been called the "father of the ...
The word robot can refer to both physical robots and virtual software agents, but the latter are usually referred to as bots. [11] There is no consensus on which machines qualify as robots but there is general agreement among experts, and the public, that robots tend to possess some or all of the following abilities and functions: accept electronic programming, process data or physical ...
Grace Brewster Hopper (née Murray; December 9, 1906 – January 1, 1992) was an American computer scientist, mathematician, and United States Navy rear admiral. [1] She was a pioneer of computer programming. Hopper was the first to devise the theory of machine-independent programming languages, and used this theory to develop the FLOW-MATIC ...
The term "robot" was first used in a play published by the Czech Karel Čapek in 1920. R.U.R. ( Rossum's Universal Robots ) was a satire, robots were manufactured biological beings that performed all unpleasant manual labor. [ 50 ]
The term "AI winter" was coined by researchers who had survived the funding cuts of 1974 when they became concerned that enthusiasm for expert systems had spiraled out of control and that disappointment would certainly follow. [ae] Their fears were well founded: in the late 1980s and early 1990s, AI suffered a series of financial setbacks. [122]
John McCarthy (September 4, 1927 – October 24, 2011) was an American computer scientist and cognitive scientist. He was one of the founders of the discipline of artificial intelligence. [ 1 ] He co-authored the document that coined the term " artificial intelligence " (AI), developed the programming language family Lisp, significantly ...
On the right is a test rover for the Mars Science Laboratory, which landed Curiosity on Mars in 2012. Robotics is the interdisciplinary study and practice of the design, construction, operation, and use of robots. [1] Within mechanical engineering, robotics is the design and construction of the physical structures of robots, while in computer ...
e. The history of mathematics deals with the origin of discoveries in mathematics and the mathematical methods and notation of the past. Before the modern age and the worldwide spread of knowledge, written examples of new mathematical developments have come to light only in a few locales. From 3000 BC the Mesopotamian states of Sumer, Akkad and ...