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The Drake equation is a probabilistic argument used to estimate the number of active, communicative extraterrestrial civilizations in the Milky Way Galaxy. [1][2][3] The equation was formulated in 1961 by Frank Drake, not for purposes of quantifying the number of civilizations, but as a way to stimulate scientific dialogue at the first ...
This sequence takes a particularly simple form for prime k: 2 ⋅ 2 k − 1 − 1 / k . For example: 2 ⋅ 2 13 − 1 − 1 / 13 = 630 is the number of cycles of length 13. Since this case of the logistic map is chaotic for almost all initial conditions, all of these finite-length cycles are unstable.
At the Cerro Paranal Observatory, a laser beam is used to create an artificial star to tune the Very Large Telescope (VLT). The search for exoplanets on which extraterrestrial civilizations could be found is one of the many missions of the VLT. The Kardashev scale (Russian: Шкала́ Кардашёва, romanized: Shkalá Kardashova) is a ...
In regression analysis, logistic regression[1] (or logit regression) estimates the parameters of a logistic model (the coefficients in the linear or non linear combinations). In binary logistic regression there is a single binary dependent variable, coded by an indicator variable, where the two values are labeled "0" and "1", while the ...
Compartmental models are a very general modelling technique. They are often applied to the mathematical modelling of infectious diseases. The population is assigned to compartments with labels – for example, S, I, or R, (S usceptible, I nfectious, or R ecovered). People may progress between compartments. The order of the labels usually shows ...
Lasso (statistics) In statistics and machine learning, lasso (least absolute shrinkage and selection operator; also Lasso or LASSO) is a regression analysis method that performs both variable selection and regularization in order to enhance the prediction accuracy and interpretability of the resulting statistical model.
In probability theory and statistics, the Poisson distribution (/ ˈ p w ɑː s ɒ n /; French pronunciation:) is a discrete probability distribution that expresses the probability of a given number of events occurring in a fixed interval of time if these events occur with a known constant mean rate and independently of the time since the last event. [1]
539 Ma – present. The Phanerozoic Eon (Greek: period of well-displayed life) marks the appearance in the fossil record of abundant, shell-forming and/or trace-making organisms. It is subdivided into three eras, the Paleozoic, Mesozoic and Cenozoic, with major mass extinctions at division points.