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Cuba, the Caribbean island from which Santería originates After the Spanish Empire conquered Cuba, the island's indigenous Taino and Ciboney saw their populations dramatically decline. [ 1 ] The Spanish colonialists established sugar, tobacco, and coffee plantations on Cuba and turned to the purchase of slaves sold at West African ports as a ...
The Haitian population of eastern Cuba would be continually replenished over the course of the 19th century and beyond, as Haitian migrants seeking better economic opportunities migrated there. [17] This grew dramatically in the early 20th century; between 1912 and 1916, annual migration of Haitians to Cuba rose from 8,784 to 79,274. [ 17 ]
It has absorbed elements from many cultures that it has encountered, [33] such as that of the Chinese migrants who came to Cuba in the 19th century, [34] while in continental North America, Santería has also incorporated influences from Central American and Mexican religions as well as from New Age and modern Pagan practices. [35]
What sets the "witches" of Latin America apart from their European counterparts is the blend of religiosity and spirituality. Latin American "witches" are rooted in African magic, European spiritualism, and Indigenous practices, making them practice an integrated version of spirituality. [8] [need quotation to verify]
In Colonial Latin America, female folk healers, or curanderas, were often conflated with brujas (witches), which refers to those who cast spells; although curanderas were persecuted during such times, it is likely because they were females in positions of authority, not because of their healing methods. [9]
The views of witchcraft in North America have evolved through an interlinking history of cultural beliefs and interactions. These forces contribute to complex and evolving views of witchcraft . Today, North America hosts a diverse array of beliefs about witchcraft.
The Witches by Hans Baldung (woodcut), 1508. The most common meaning of "witchcraft" worldwide is the use of harmful magic. [17] Belief in malevolent magic and the concept of witchcraft has lasted throughout recorded history and has been found in cultures worldwide, regardless of development.
Occult America: The Secret History of How Mysticism Shaped Our Nation is a 2009 book by Mitch Horowitz published by Bantam Books.The book is focused on the role that new religious movements play in the history of the United States; Horowitz argues that these movements, often marginalized or ignored by mainstream culture, played a substantial role in shaping American society.