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In endocrinology, permissiveness is a biochemical phenomenon in which the presence of one hormone is required in order for another hormone to exert its full effects on a target cell. Hormones can interact in permissive, synergistic, or antagonistic ways. The chemical classes of hormones include amines, polypeptides, glycoproteins and steroids.
Syrup of ipecac (/ ˈ ɪ p ɪ k æ k /), or simply ipecac, is a drug that was once widely used as an expectorant (in low doses) and a rapid-acting emetic (in higher doses). It is obtained from the dried rhizome and roots of the ipecacuanha plant (Carapichea ipecacuanha), from which it derives its name. It is no longer regularly used in medicine.
An expectorant (from the Latin expectorare, to expel or banish) works by signaling the body to increase the amount or hydration of secretions, resulting in more, yet clearer, secretions and lubricating the irritated respiratory tract. [4] One mucoactive agent, guaifenesin, has anxiolytic and muscle-relaxing properties. It is commonly available ...
Terpin, used as the hydrate (terpin·H 2 O), is an expectorant, used to loosen mucus in patients with bronchitis and related conditions. It is derived from sources such as turpentine, oregano, thyme, and eucalyptus.
Guaifenesin might act as an expectorant by increasing the volume and reducing the viscosity of secretions in the trachea and bronchi via stimulation of the gastric mucosa. . This stimulation leads to an increased parasympathetic activity in the respiratory tract via the so-called gastro-pulmonary reflex, although some in vitro studies suggested that it might also act directly on the ...
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Releasing hormones and inhibiting hormones are hormones whose main purpose is to control the release of other hormones, either by stimulating or inhibiting their release. They are also called liberins ( / ˈ l ɪ b ə r ɪ n z / ) and statins ( / ˈ s t æ t ɪ n z / ) (respectively), or releasing factors and inhibiting factors .
[16] [17] In any case, if one or both of these actions are clinically relevant, they might contribute to the menstrual irregularities and breast side effects of spironolactone. [14] [18] Spironolactone is also an agonist of the pregnane X receptor, [19] and is able to induce the expression of CYP3A4 and P-glycoprotein in the body via this action.