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An antiemetic is a drug that is effective against vomiting and nausea. Antiemetics are typically used to treat motion sickness and the side effects of opioid analgesics, general anaesthetics, and chemotherapy directed against cancer. They may be used for severe cases of gastroenteritis, especially if the patient is dehydrated. [1] [2]
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Medications taken to prevent and treat nausea and vomiting are called antiemetics. The most commonly prescribed antiemetics in the US are promethazine, metoclopramide, and the newer ondansetron. The word nausea is from Latin nausea, from Greek ναυσία – nausia, [4] "ναυτία" – nautia, motion sickness, "feeling sick or queasy". [5]
Granisetron is a serotonin 5-HT 3 receptor antagonist used as an antiemetic to treat nausea and vomiting following chemotherapy and radiotherapy. Its main effect is to reduce the activity of the vagus nerve , which is a nerve that activates the vomiting center in the medulla oblongata .
ATC code A04 Antiemetics and antinauseants is a therapeutic subgroup of the Anatomical Therapeutic Chemical Classification System, a system of alphanumeric codes developed by the World Health Organization (WHO) for the classification of drugs and other medical products.
"The Use of Medicines in the United States". IMS Institute for Healthcare Informatics. The Use of Medicines in the United States. June 2012. p. 40. Archived from the original (PDF) on 28 September 2012. Mike McEvoy (June 12, 2008). "Hydrocodone/APAP: Drug Whys". EMS1. Archived from the original on 2012-07-10.
Aprepitant is classified as an NK 1 antagonist because it blocks signals given off by NK 1 receptors.This, therefore, decreases the likelihood of vomiting in patients. NK 1 is a G protein-coupled receptor located in the central and peripheral nervous system.
Nabilone, sold under the brand name Cesamet among others, is a synthetic cannabinoid with therapeutic use as an antiemetic and as an adjunct analgesic for neuropathic pain. [ 1 ] [ 2 ] It mimics tetrahydrocannabinol (THC), the primary psychoactive compound found naturally occurring in Cannabis .