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The syntax and semantics of Prolog, a programming language, are the sets of rules that define how a Prolog program is written and how it is interpreted, respectively. The rules are laid out in ISO standard ISO/IEC 13211 [ 1 ] although there are differences in the Prolog implementations .
A definite clause grammar (DCG) is a way of expressing grammar, either for natural or formal languages, in a logic programming language such as Prolog. It is closely related to the concept of attribute grammars / affix grammars .
Prolog searches this space, top-down, depth-first, trying different clauses for solving the same (sub)goal in the order in which the clauses are written. This search strategy has the advantage that the current branch of the tree can be represented efficiently by a stack .
Prolog is a logic programming language that has its origins in artificial intelligence, automated theorem proving and computational linguistics. [1] [2] [3]Prolog has its roots in first-order logic, a formal logic, and unlike many other programming languages, Prolog is intended primarily as a declarative programming language: the program is a set of facts and rules, which define relations.
Aleph searches for clauses in a top-down manner, using the bottom clause constructed in the preceding step to bound the search from below. It searches the refinement graph in a breadth-first manner, with tunable parameters to bound the maximal clause size and proof depth. It scores each clause using one of 13 different evaluation metrics, as ...
The compilation of matching clauses is much simpler than that of normal Prolog clauses because no complex program analysis or specialization is necessary; and the generated code tends to be more compact and faster. The B-Prolog compiler and most of the library predicates are written in matching clauses. A matching clause takes the following form:
This is called a green cut operator.The ! tells the interpreter to stop looking for alternatives; however, if gotmoney(X) fails it will check the second rule. Although checking for gotmoney(X) in the second rule may appear redundant since Prolog's appearance is dependent on gotmoney(X) failing before, otherwise the second rule would not be evaluated in the first place.
GNU Prolog (also called gprolog) is a compiler developed by Daniel Diaz with an interactive debugging environment for Prolog available for Unix, Windows, Mac OS X and Linux.It also supports some extensions to Prolog including constraint programming over a finite domain, parsing using definite clause grammars, and an operating system interface.