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An upper gastrointestinal series, also called a barium swallow, barium study, or barium meal, is a series of radiographs used to examine the gastrointestinal tract for abnormalities. A contrast medium , usually a radiocontrast agent such as barium sulfate mixed with water, is ingested or instilled into the gastrointestinal tract, and X-rays are ...
Upper GI surgeons would have an interest in, and may exclusively perform, the following operations: Pancreaticoduodenectomy; Esophagectomy; Liver resection; Surgery on the digestive system's organs is referred to as digestive system surgery, gastrointestinal surgery, or gastrointestinal (GI) surgery.
Rockall risk scoring system attempts to identify patients at risk of adverse outcome following acute upper gastrointestinal bleeding. Rockall et al. identified independent risk factors [1] in 1996 which were later shown to predict mortality accurately. The scoring system uses clinical criteria (increasing age, co-morbidity, shock) as well as ...
Upper gastrointestinal bleeding affects around 50 to 150 people per 100,000 a year. It represents over 50% of cases of gastrointestinal bleeding. [ 2 ] A 1995 UK study found an estimated mortality risk of 11% in those admitted to hospital for gastrointestinal bleeding.
Murphy's sign has a high sensitivity and negative predictive value, although the specificity is not high. [2] However, in the elderly the sensitivity is markedly lower; a negative Murphy's sign in an elderly person is not useful for ruling out cholecystitis if other tests and the clinical history suggest the diagnosis.
Liver function tests (LFTs or LFs), also referred to as a hepatic panel or liver panel, are groups of blood tests that provide information about the state of a patient's liver. [1] These tests include prothrombin time (PT/INR), activated partial thromboplastin time (aPTT), albumin , bilirubin (direct and indirect), and others.
It consists of 50 multiple choice questions to be answered in 12 minutes. [1] [2] [3] The score is calculated as the number of correct answers given in the allotted time, and a score of 20 is intended to indicate average intelligence. [2] The most recent version of the test is WonScore, a cloud-based assessment providing a score to potential ...
These referrals may not require formal documentation, but may include a case report. In a direct referral, agencies refer cases to the U.S. Attorney in the district where the crime occurred. [1] The United States Congress and its members, in their investigative role, issue criminal referrals to the Justice Department as well. [2]