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Similarly, microwave-vacuum drying has shown potential for drying foods like cranberries. [4] [5] At temperatures below 1200 °C, a vacuum furnace is commonly used for the heat treatment of steel alloys. Many general heat treating applications involve the hardening and tempering of a steel part to make it strong and tough through service.
Heat treatment provides an efficient way to manipulate the properties of the metal by controlling the rate of diffusion and the rate of cooling within the microstructure. Heat treating is often used to alter the mechanical properties of a metallic alloy, manipulating properties such as the hardness, strength, toughness, ductility, and ...
Vacuum arc remelting (VAR) is a secondary melting process for production of metal ingots with elevated chemical and mechanical homogeneity for highly demanding applications. [1] The VAR process has revolutionized the specialty traditional metallurgical techniques industry, and has made possible tightly controlled materials used in biomedical ...
ESR reduces other types of inclusions as well, and is seen as an alternative to the vacuum arc remelting (VAR) method that is prevalent in US industries. An example of the use of the electro-slag refined (ESR) steel technique is the L30 tank gun. CrNi60WTi is a stainless steel which is best formed by either electro-slag remelting or vacuum arc ...
An electron-beam furnace (EB furnace) is a type of vacuum furnace employing high-energy electron beam in vacuum as the means for delivery of heat to the material being melted. It is one of the electron-beam technologies .
Vacuum metallurgy is the field of materials technology that deals with making, shaping, or treating metals in a controlled atmosphere, at pressures significantly less than normal atmospheric pressure. [1] The purpose of vacuum metallurgy is to prevent contamination of metal by gases in the atmosphere.
Tempering is a process of heat treating, which is used to increase the toughness of iron-based alloys. Tempering is usually performed after hardening, to reduce some of the excess hardness, and is done by heating the metal to some temperature below the critical point for a certain period of time, then allowing it to cool in still air. The exact ...
Ipsen's industrial furnaces - vacuum furnaces, atmosphere furnaces and pusher-type furnaces - are used for the following heat treatment processes: hardening, quenching, tempering, carburization, carbon nitriding, nitro carburization, bright tempering, annealing, vacuum brazing, temperature brazing, plasma nitriding