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Haumea (minor-planet designation: 136108 Haumea) is a dwarf planet located beyond Neptune's orbit. [25] It was discovered in 2004 by a team headed by Mike Brown of Caltech at the Palomar Observatory, and formally announced in 2005 by a team headed by José Luis Ortiz Moreno at the Sierra Nevada Observatory in Spain, who had discovered it that year in precovery images taken by the team in 2003.
Since the year 2000, a number of Kuiper belt objects (KBOs) with diameters of between 500 and 1500 km (more than half that of Pluto) have been discovered. 50000 Quaoar, a classical KBO discovered in 2002, is over 1000 km across. Makemake and Haumea, both announced on 29 July 2005, are larger still.
Assuming it is in hydrostatic equilibrium, the dwarf planet Haumea has dimensions 2,100 × 1,680 × 1,074 km, [7] resulting in a mean diameter of = ( ) / = . The rotational physics of deformable bodies predicts that over as little as a hundred days, a body rotating as rapidly as Haumea will have been distorted into the equilibrium form of a tri ...
Orbits of Haumea family members, sharing semimajor axes around 43 AU, and inclinations around 27°.. The dwarf planet Haumea is the largest member of the family, and the core of the differentiated progenitor; other identified members are the moons of Haumea and the Kuiper belt objects (55636) 2002 TX 300, (24835) 1995 SM 55, (19308) 1996 TO 66, (120178) 2003 OP 32, (145453) 2005 RR 43, (86047 ...
However, because 2002 TX 300 is a member of the Haumea family, it is more likely to have a high albedo of around 0.7, which would result in a diameter of about 360 kilometres (220 mi). [15] 2002 TX 300 occulted a relatively bright apparent magnitude 13.1 star in the constellation of Andromeda on 9 October 2009. [16]
This list contains a selection of objects 50 and 99 km in radius (100 km to 199 km in average diameter). The listed objects currently include most objects in the asteroid belt and moons of the giant planets in this size range, but many newly discovered objects in the outer Solar System are missing, such as those included in the following ...
At the time Makemake and Haumea were named, it was thought that trans-Neptunian objects (TNOs) with icy cores would require a diameter of only about 400 km (250 mi), or 3% the size of Earth – the size of the moons Mimas, the smallest moon that is round, and Proteus, the largest that is not – to relax into gravitational equilibrium. [65]
This far infrared radiation is so dim that the thermal method is only applicable to the largest KBOs. For the majority of (small) objects, the diameter is estimated by assuming an albedo. However, the albedos found range from 0.50 down to 0.05, resulting in a size range of 1,200–3,700 km for an object of magnitude of 1.0. [24]