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An equianalgesic chart is a conversion chart that lists equivalent doses of analgesics (drugs used to relieve pain). Equianalgesic charts are used for calculation of an equivalent dose (a dose which would offer an equal amount of analgesia) between different analgesics. [1]
The procedure is to take the child's weight in pounds, divide by 150 lb, and multiply the fractional result by the adult dose to find the equivalent child dosage.For example, if an adult dose of medication calls for 30 mg and the child weighs 30 lb, divide the weight by 150 (30/150) to obtain 1/5 and multiply 1/5 times 30 mg to get 6 mg.
Topical cream formulation is an emulsion semisolid dosage form that is used for skin external application. Most of the topical cream formulations contain more than 20 per cent of water and volatiles and/or less than 50 per cent of hydrocarbons , waxes , or polyethylene glycols as the vehicle for external skin application. [ 1 ]
One meta-analysis indicated that ibuprofen is more effective than acetaminophen in children at similar doses when both are given alone. [16] Due to concerns about Reye syndrome, it is recommended that aspirin and combination products that contain aspirin not be given to children or teenagers during episodes of fever-causing illnesses. [17] [18]
Paracetamol, [a] or acetaminophen, [b] is a non-opioid analgesic and antipyretic agent used to treat fever and mild to moderate pain. [13] [14] [15] It is a widely available over-the-counter drug sold under various brand names, including Tylenol and Panadol. Paracetamol relieves pain in both acute mild migraine and episodic tension headache.
Capsaicin, menthol (mint oil), methyl salicylate, and camphor are examples of counterirritants. Heat and cold therapy and massage relieve pain by counterstimulation. Heat and cold therapy and massage relieve pain by counterstimulation.
Metamizole, with its potent analgesic (pain relief), antipyretic (fever reduction), and spasmolytic (relax muscle contractions) properties, is utilized in the management of acute pain, fever, and pain caused by muscle spasms.
Side effects include skin irritation, and salicylate poisoning. [2] Salicylate poisoning tends to only occur when applied to a large area and in children. [2] Use is thus not recommended in children less than two years old. [2] It comes in a number of different strengths. [3] It is on the World Health Organization's List of Essential Medicines.