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2009 Joint Chiefs of Staff memo CJCSI 3160-01, which described the NCV. Non-combatant casualty value (NCV), also known as the non-combatant and civilian casualty cut-off value (NCV or NCCV), is a military rule of engagement which provides an estimate of the worth placed on the lives of non-combatants, i.e. civilians or non-military individuals within a conflict zone.
[9] [10] Standoff is the condition of deadlock between antagonists, [ 11 ] [ c ] sometimes measured by the distance between them ( standoff distance ). For n antagonists in a non-zero sum game , von Neumann and Morgenstern showed in 1944 [ a ] that this condition is equivalent to a zero-sum game with n +1 antagonists, where the n +1st player ...