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Map of the Cape Colony in 1809, showing its eastward expansion. The first European colonial settlement in modern-day South Africa was a small supply station established by the Dutch East India Company in 1652 at present-day Cape Town as a place for their merchant ships to resupply en route to and from the East Indies and Japan.
The war of 1817–1819 led to the first wave of immigration of British settlers of any considerable scale, an event with far-reaching consequences. The then-governor, Lord Charles Somerset, whose treaty arrangements with the Xhosa chiefs had proved untenable, wished to buffer the Cape from contact with the Xhosa by settling white colonists in the border region.
When he escaped across the Great Fish River in 1799 with his supporters, he attempted to collude with the Cape Colony's white government to overthrow Ngqika, but the colony continued to recognise his nephew as the paramount chief. [1] Ngqika ka Mlawu died in November 1829 after a chest illness and alcohol abuse. [2] Sandile kaNgqika - Xhosa Chief
King Mgolombane Sandile (right), with councillors. He was born at Burnshill in 1820, at which time the Xhosa lands were still independent. His father Ngqika (after whom the entire Ngqika clan of Xhosa were named) died in 1829 while Sandile was still quite young and Maqoma, Sandile’s brother, acted as Regent until 1872 when Sandile was installed as King.
This led to an expansion of the colony's borders and clashes with the Xhosa people over pastureland in the vicinity of the Great Fish River. [8] Beginning in 1818, thousands of British immigrants were introduced by the colonial government to bolster the local European workforce and help populate the frontier as an additional defense against the ...
1585: Roanoke Colony founded by English on Roanoke Island, North Carolina, failed in 1587; 1598: Failed French settlement on Sable Island off Nova Scotia. 1598: Spanish settlement in Northern New Mexico. 1600: By 1600 Spain and Portugal were still the only significant colonial powers.
Those who survived resorted to begging in the Cape Colony for food and other relief. [4] George Grey, the Governor of the Cape Colony at the time, dispersed the Xhosa refugees to serve as workers for the inhabitants of the colony. Grey also imprisoned several leaders who came to the Cape Colony on charges of inciting a war against the colony. [4]
300 B.C. – Maize first grown in Eastern North America. 100 B.C. – A.D. 400 – The Hopewell tradition flourishes. 600 – Emergence of Mississippian culture. 700 – Use of the bow and arrow becomes widespread among peoples of Eastern North America. 1000 – Leif Ericson explores the east coast of North America. [1]