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Law of Indonesia is based on a civil law system, intermixed with local customary law and Dutch law.Before European presence and colonization began in the sixteenth century, indigenous kingdoms ruled the archipelago independently with their own custom laws, known as adat (unwritten, traditional rules still observed in the Indonesian society). [1]
Adat muhakamah (عادت محكمة) – the term refers to traditional laws, commandments, and orders compiled into legal codes by rulers to maintain social order and harmony. The adat laws, often blended together with Islamic laws, were the main written legal reference for Malay societies since the classical era and commonly referred to as ...
Electronic business (also known as online business or e-business) is any kind of business or commercial activity that includes sharing information across the internet. [1] Commerce constitutes the exchange of products and services between businesses, groups, and individuals; [ 2 ] and can be seen as one of the essential activities of any business.
The seal of the Sisingamangaraja dynasty. There were numerous kingdoms and dynasties in the history of the Batak and Toba Batak people. The last dynasty in the Toba Batak people is the Sisingamangaraja dynasty with twelve successive priest kings called ‘Sisingamangaraja’ from the Sinambela clan.
Consumer-to-business (C2B) e-commerce is when a consumer makes their services or products available for companies to purchase. [2] The competitive edge of the C2B e-commerce model is in its pricing for goods and services. This approach includes reverse auctions, in which customers name the price for a product or service they wish to buy ...
Adat Perpatih (also known as Lareh Bodi Caniago in Indonesia) are customary laws which originated in the Minangkabau Highlands in Sumatra, Indonesia. It was founded by a Minangkabau leader named Sutan Balun, more famously known as Dato Perpatih Nan Sebatang.
A business entity is an entity that is formed and administered as per corporate law [Note 1] in order to engage in business activities, charitable work, or other activities allowable.
Traditional trades (known also as traditional building trades and preservation trades) is a loosely defined categorization of building trades who actively practice their craft in respect of historic preservation, heritage conservation, or the conserving and maintenance of the existing built environment. Though traditional trade practitioners ...