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The Dana/Spicer model 53 is an automotive rear axle produced by Dana-Spicer used in medium to heavy duty truck applications. The Dana/Spicer model 53 (Dana 53) is a semi-float axle that was produced from 1947–1965, [1] both with a 53 differential and wheel ends, and with a Dana 44 differential and Dana 53 wheel ends.
There are discernible differences between the GM and Ram versions, evident in the gaskets used and the axle cover designs. The GM AAM axle tubes exhibit a smaller diameter at the spindle compared to the AAM Dodge axles—measuring 4" for GM and 3.5" for Dodge from the housing. In design variation, newer GM trucks are aligned with Dodge axles.
Although this axle is designed for medium-duty, commercial-trucks, Ford did put the S110 in 2008-2010 & 2015-2016 F-450 Pick up trucks. The Dana S110 has a GAWR up to 14,706 lbs but is frequently, de-rated by vehicle manufacturer for safety and tire reasons. This axle is not used in 1 Ton trucks . Dana S110 in a 2008 Ford F-450 Cab/Chassis
The Dana 44 rear axle first saw use in the 1940s and is still in use today. The Dana 44 has a GAWR up to 3,500 lb (1,600 kg) and is a semi-floating type, having one bearing on the end of the axle shaft which carries the weight of the vehicle on the axle and also allows axle rotation.
The housing material is Gray iron in early axles and Ductile iron in later axles. GM and Ford Dana 60 axles utilize locking hubs. Dodge Dana 60 axles utilized locking hubs until 1994 when a Center Axle Disconnect (CAD) system was adopted. However, model year 2002 Rams phased out the CAD system leaving some 2002 Dana 60 axles permanently locked in.
There were three chassis wheelbases (measurements are from the centerline of the front axle to the centerline of rear tandem). The M61 short wheelbase chassis, used for tractors and dump trucks, is 167 inches (4.24 m), the M40 long chassis, used for cargo and wreckers, is 179 inches (4.55 m), and the M63 extra-long chassis, used for long cargo ...
The front beam axle was mounted on leaf springs, the rear tandem beam axles were mounted on a leaf sprung "walking beam" type suspension. All models shared a 181 inches (4.60 m) wheelbase (measured from the 1st to the 3rd axles). Full air drum brakes were used. The M123 was able to control the trailer brakes independently of the tractor.
The Dana 70 axle only came with 5.13:1, 4.88,5.31 [citation needed] gear ratios and had a GAWR of [citation needed] these axles were rated at 7-9klbs as seen on 5500 door stickers. They differ greatly from previous Dana 70 front axles, some of the major differences being the use of 1550 Universal Joints and being a high pinion, reverse cut axle.