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Rutherford: Being the Life and Letters of the Rt. Hon. Lord Rutherford, O. M. MacMillan. Ernest Rutherford (1899). "Uranium Radiation and the Electrical conduction Produced by it". Philosophical Magazine. 47 (284): 109– 163. Ernest Rutherford (1911). "The Scattering of α and β Particles by Matter and the Structure of the Atom" (PDF).
It is named after physicist Ernest Rutherford. As a synthetic element, it is not found in nature and can only be made in a particle accelerator. It is radioactive; the most stable known isotope, 267 Rf, has a half-life of about 48 minutes. In the periodic table, it is a d-block element and the second of the fourth-row transition elements.
1918 Ernest Rutherford notices that, when alpha particles were shot into nitrogen gas, his scintillation detectors showed the signatures of hydrogen nuclei. 1921 Alfred Landé introduces the Landé g-factor; 1922 Arthur Compton studies X-ray photon scattering by electrons demonstrating the 'particle' aspect of electromagnetic radiation.
Ernest Rutherford, 1st Baron Rutherford of Nelson (30 August 1871 – 19 October 1937) was a New Zealand physicist who was a pioneering researcher in both atomic and nuclear physics. He has been described as "the father of nuclear physics", [ 7 ] and "the greatest experimentalist since Michael Faraday ". [ 8 ]
1911 – Ernest Rutherford: Discovery of the atomic nucleus (Rutherford model) 1911 – Kamerlingh Onnes: Superconductivity; 1912 - Victor Francis Hess: Cosmic rays; 1913 – Niels Bohr: Bohr model of the atom; 1915 – Albert Einstein: General relativity; 1915 – Emmy Noether: Noether's theorem relates symmetries to conservation laws.
Rutherford backscattering spectrometry (RBS) is an analytical technique used in materials science.Sometimes referred to as high-energy ion scattering (HEIS) spectrometry, RBS is used to determine the structure and composition of materials by measuring the backscattering of a beam of high energy ions (typically protons or alpha particles) impinging on a sample.
Like the periodic table, the list below organizes the elements by the number of protons in their atoms; it can also be organized by other properties, such as atomic weight, density, and electronegativity. For more detailed information about the origins of element names, see List of chemical element name etymologies.
An atom with seven electrons arranged in a pentagonal dipyramid, as imagined by Thomson in 1905. The plum pudding model is an obsolete scientific model of the atom.It was first proposed by J. J. Thomson in 1904 following his discovery of the electron in 1897, and was rendered obsolete by Ernest Rutherford's discovery of the atomic nucleus in 1911.