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  2. Optical toys - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Optical_toys

    The Optic Wonder or Creator of Form John Gorham 3D a small metal strip or crystal shape forming the half of a contour image is spun around fast to appear as a full solid 3D object, marketed by Stereoscopic Company (London Stereoscopic & Photographic Co.) [6] [7] 1868 Flip book: John Barnes Linnett: animation 1877 Praxinoscope: Charles-Émile ...

  3. Fata Morgana (mirage) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fata_Morgana_(mirage)

    Piugaattoq, a member of the expedition and an Inuit hunter with 20 years of experience of the area, explained that it was just an illusion. He called it poo-jok , which means ' mist '. However, MacMillan insisted that they press on, even though it was late in the season and the sea ice was breaking up.

  4. Catadioptric system - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Catadioptric_system

    Schmidt–Cassegrain telescopes are one of the most popular commercial designs on the amateur astronomical market, [6] having been mass-produced since the 1960s. The design replaces the Schmidt Camera film holder with a Cassegrain secondary mirror, making a folded optical path with a long focal length and a narrow field of view.

  5. Visual system - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Visual_system

    The visual system is the physiological basis of visual perception (the ability to detect and process light).The system detects, transduces and interprets information concerning light within the visible range to construct an image and build a mental model of the surrounding environment.

  6. Sagnac effect - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sagnac_effect

    Figure 6. Schematic representation of a ring laser setup. Fibre optic gyroscopes are sometimes referred to as 'passive ring interferometers'. A passive ring interferometer uses light entering the setup from outside. The interference pattern that is obtained is a fringe pattern, and what is measured is a phase shift.

  7. List of primary education systems by country - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_primary_education...

    grande section (5-6 years old) École primaire (primary/elementary) Cycle II; CP (cours préparatoire) (67 years old) (may be tried a second time (7–8 years old) if reading and writing are not learned the first time) CE1 (cours élémentaire 1) (7–8 years old) CE2 (cours élémentaire 2) (8–9 years old) Cycle III

  8. Visual processing - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Visual_processing

    The visual system is organized hierarchically, with anatomical areas that have specialized functions in visual processing. Low-level visual processing is concerned with determining different types of contrast among images projected onto the retina whereas high-level visual processing refers to the cognitive processes that integrate information from a variety of sources into the visual ...

  9. Optical disc - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Optical_disc

    Optical discs are usually between 7.6 and 30 cm (3.0 and 11.8 in) in diameter, with 12 cm (4.7 in) being the most common size. The so-called program area that contains the data commonly starts 25 millimetres away from the center point. [ 3 ]