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ACE is a target of ACE inhibitor drugs, which decrease the rate of angiotensin II production. Angiotensin II increases blood pressure by stimulating the Gq protein in vascular smooth muscle cells (which in turn activates an IP3-dependent mechanism leading to a rise in intracellular calcium levels and ultimately causing contraction).
Angiotensin II has a variety of effects on the body: [citation needed] Throughout the body, angiotensin II is a potent vasoconstrictor of arterioles. In the kidneys, angiotensin II constricts glomerular arterioles, having a greater effect on efferent arterioles than afferent.
Angiotensin-converting enzyme (EC 3.4.15.1), or ACE, is a central component of the renin–angiotensin system (RAS), which controls blood pressure by regulating the volume of fluids in the body. It converts the hormone angiotensin I to the active vasoconstrictor angiotensin II. Therefore, ACE indirectly increases blood pressure by causing blood ...
The resulting cleaved protein is known as soluble ACE2 or sACE2. It is released into the bloodstream where one of sACE2's functions is to turn excess angiotensin II into angiotensin 1-7 which binds to MasR receptors creating localized vasodilation and hence decreasing blood pressure. Excess sACE2 may ultimately be excreted in the urine. [18] [19]
Renin (etymology and pronunciation), also known as an angiotensinogenase, is an aspartic protease protein and enzyme secreted by the kidneys that participates in the body's renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS)—also known as the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone axis—that increases the volume of extracellular fluid (blood plasma, lymph, and interstitial fluid) and causes arterial ...
Angiotensin II is a naturally occurring hormone secreted as part of the renin-angiotensin system that results in powerful systemic vasoconstriction. [6] [7] The vasopressor effects of angiotensin have been studied since it was first isolated in the late 1930s. [8]
The angiotensin receptor is activated by the vasoconstricting peptide angiotensin II.The activated receptor in turn couples to G q/11 and G i/o and thus activates phospholipase C and increases the cytosolic Ca 2+ concentrations, which in turn triggers cellular responses such as stimulation of protein kinase C.
Renin–angiotensin system: The kidneys sense low blood pressure. Release renin into the blood. Renin causes production of angiotensin I. Angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) converts angiotensin I to angiotensin II. Angiotensin II stimulates the release of aldosterone, ADH, and thirst.