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  2. Tangent - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tangent

    The intuitive notion that a tangent line "touches" a curve can be made more explicit by considering the sequence of straight lines (secant lines) passing through two points, A and B, those that lie on the function curve. The tangent at A is the limit when point B approximates or tends to A. The existence and uniqueness of the tangent line ...

  3. Tangent lines to circles - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tangent_lines_to_circles

    A tangent line t to a circle C intersects the circle at a single point T. For comparison, secant lines intersect a circle at two points, whereas another line may not intersect a circle at all. This property of tangent lines is preserved under many geometrical transformations, such as scalings, rotation, translations, inversions, and map ...

  4. Tangential angle - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tangential_angle

    The tangential angle φ for an arbitrary curve A in P. In geometry, the tangential angle of a curve in the Cartesian plane, at a specific point, is the angle between the tangent line to the curve at the given point and the x-axis. [1] (Some authors define the angle as the deviation from the direction of the curve at some fixed starting point.

  5. Trigonometric functions - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trigonometric_functions

    Basis of trigonometry: if two right triangles have equal acute angles, they are similar, so their corresponding side lengths are proportional.. In mathematics, the trigonometric functions (also called circular functions, angle functions or goniometric functions) [1] are real functions which relate an angle of a right-angled triangle to ratios of two side lengths.

  6. Small-angle approximation - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Small-angle_approximation

    The sine and tangent small-angle approximations are used in relation to the double-slit experiment or a diffraction grating to develop simplified equations like the following, where y is the distance of a fringe from the center of maximum light intensity, m is the order of the fringe, D is the distance between the slits and projection screen ...

  7. Tangent vector - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tangent_vector

    In mathematics, a tangent vector is a vector that is tangent to a curve or surface at a given point. Tangent vectors are described in the differential geometry of curves in the context of curves in R n. More generally, tangent vectors are elements of a tangent space of a differentiable manifold. Tangent vectors can also be described in terms of ...

  8. Algebraic curve - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Algebraic_curve

    The tangent at a point (a, b) of the curve is the line of equation () ′ (,) + ′ (,) =, like for every differentiable curve defined by an implicit equation. In the case of polynomials, another formula for the tangent has a simpler constant term and is more symmetric:

  9. Envelope (mathematics) - Wikipedia

    en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Envelope_(mathematics)

    The envelope E 2 is a curve tangent to all of the C t. ... The zero level set F(t 0,(x,y)) = 0 gives the equation of the tangent line to the parabola at the point (t ...