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In the DOS era, it was customary to add a PATH {program directory}; %PATH% or SET PATH = {program directory}; %PATH% line to AUTOEXEC.BAT. When a command is entered in a command shell or a system call is made by a program to execute a program, the system first searches the current working directory and then searches the path, examining each ...
At that moment, the relative path for the desired directory can be represented as: ./bobapples or for short: bobapples and the absolute path for the directory as: /users/mark/bobapples Given bobapples as the relative path for the directory wanted, the following may be typed at the command prompt to change the current working directory to bobapples:
Removes the path prefix from a given pathname chroot: Changes the root directory date: Prints or sets the system date and time dirname: Strips non-directory suffix from file name du: Shows disk usage on file systems echo: Displays a specified line of text env: Displays and modifies environment variables: expr: Evaluates expressions factor ...
The pushd ('push directory') command saves the current working directory to the stack then changes the working directory to the new path input by the user. If pushd is not provided with a path argument, in Unix it instead swaps the top two directories on the stack, which can be used to toggle between two directories.
Command Explanation pwd: Display the current working directory. Example: /home/foobar pwd -P: Display the current working directory physical path - without symbolic link name, if any. Example: If standing in a dir /home/symlinked, that is a symlink to /home/realdir, this would show /home/realdir pwd -L
Print working directory Version 5 AT&T UNIX read: Shell programming Mandatory Read a line from standard input readlink: Filesystem Mandatory Print destination of a symbolic link realpath: Filesystem Mandatory Resolve a symbolic link renice: Process management Mandatory Set nice values of running processes 4BSD rm: Filesystem Mandatory
where name_of_directory is the name of the directory one wants to create. When typed as above (i.e. normal usage), the new directory would be created within the current directory. On Unix and Windows (with Command extensions enabled, [15] the default [16]), multiple directories can be specified, and mkdir will try to create all of them.
Command line shells on Windows usually use the Windows API to change the current working directory, whereas on Unix systems cd calls the chdir() POSIX C function. This means that when the command is executed, no new process is created to migrate to the other directory as is the case with other commands such as ls .