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Concussion grading systems are sets of criteria used in sports medicine to determine the severity, or grade, of a concussion, the mildest form of traumatic brain injury. At least 16 such systems exist, [ 1 ] and there is little agreement among professionals about which is the best to use. [ 2 ]
In each case, the symptom is compared with how severe it was before the injury occurred . [4] These symptoms are reported by severity on a scale from 0 to 4: not experienced, no more of a problem, mild problem, moderate problem, and severe problem. [7] The questionnaire asks the sufferer to assess the following symptoms: [7] Headaches
A concussion, also known as a mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI), is a head injury that temporarily affects brain functioning. [8] Symptoms may include headache, dizziness, difficulty with thinking and concentration, sleep disturbances, mood changes, a brief period of memory loss, brief loss of consciousness; problems with balance; nausea; blurred vision; and mood changes.
A concussion is defined as a "complex pathophysiological process affecting the brain, induced by biomechanical forces". [1] A concussion should be suspected in any person who falls or has a hit to their face or their body and has a visible sign/clue that they may have a concussion or experiences any symptoms of concussion. [2]
The British Columbia Postconcussion Symptom Inventory (BC-PSI), is a 16 item self-report inventory designed to measure both the frequency, and intensity of the ICD-10 criteria for Post concussion syndrome, which is a common occurrence in cases of mild traumatic brain injury.
The Somatic Symptom Scale - 8 (SSS-8) [1] is a brief self-report questionnaire used to assess somatic symptom burden. It measures the perceived burden of common somatic symptoms. These symptoms were originally chosen to reflect common symptoms in primary care but they are relevant for a large number of diseases and mental disorders.
PTA is considered a hallmark of concussion, [8] and is used as a measure of predicting its severity, for example in concussion grading scales. It may be more reliable for determining severity of concussion than GCS because the latter may not be sensitive enough; individuals with s concussion often quickly regain a GCS score of 15. [3]
The Glasgow coma scale (GCS) is a clinical scale utilized to measure the severity of the concussion. [15] The normal GCS can be used for children above the age of two, and a pediatric GCS has also been developed to assess the symptoms for children under the age of two.