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In plumbing, a trap is a U-shaped portion of pipe designed to trap liquid or gas to prevent unwanted flow; most notably sewer gases from entering buildings while allowing waste materials to pass through. In oil refineries, traps are used to prevent hydrocarbons and other dangerous gases and chemical fumes from escaping through drains.
Oxidation of alcohol to aldehyde with TPAP (0.06 eq.) and N-methylmorpholine N-oxide (1.7 eq.) with molecular sieves in dichloromethane. [1]Ruthenium tetroxide is a highly aggressive oxidant, but TPAP, which is its one-electron reduced derivative, is a mild oxidizing agent for the conversion of primary alcohols to aldehydes (the Ley oxidation). [2]
In chemistry, a chemical trap is a chemical compound that is used to detect unstable compounds. [1] The method relies on efficiency of bimolecular reactions with reagents to produce a more easily characterize trapped product. In some cases, the trapping agent is used in large excess.
Chemist Linus Pauling first developed the hybridisation theory in 1931 to explain the structure of simple molecules such as methane (CH 4) using atomic orbitals. [2] Pauling pointed out that a carbon atom forms four bonds by using one s and three p orbitals, so that "it might be inferred" that a carbon atom would form three bonds at right angles (using p orbitals) and a fourth weaker bond ...
[12] [27] Namely the atomic s and p orbital(s) are combined to give four sp i 3 = 1 ⁄ √ 4 (s + √ 3 p i) orbitals, three sp i 2 = 1 ⁄ √ 3 (s + √ 2 p i) orbitals, or two sp i = 1 ⁄ √ 2 (s + p i) orbitals. These combinations are chosen to satisfy two conditions. First, the total amount of s and p orbital contributions must be ...
Elizabeth's PTSD is much more prominent on the show than it is in the books. In both the book and the show, Elizabeth is raped by a professor at UCLA, which leads to her quiet dismissal from the ...
The two reactions are named according tho their rate law, with S N 1 having a first-order rate law, and S N 2 having a second-order. [2] S N 1 reaction mechanism occurring through two steps. The S N 1 mechanism has two steps. In the first step, the leaving group departs, forming a carbocation (C +). In the second step, the nucleophilic reagent ...
In cell biology, ion trapping is the build-up of a higher concentration of a chemical across a cell membrane due to the pKa value of the chemical and difference of pH across the cell membrane. [ 1 ] [ 2 ] This results in basic chemicals accumulating in acidic bodily fluids such as the cytosol , and acidic chemicals accumulating in basic fluids.