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These myths date from the 17th century when Yellow Shamanism (Tibetan Buddhism using shamanistic forms) was established in Mongolia. Black Shamanism and White Shamanism from pre-Buddhist times survive only in far-northern Mongolia (around Lake Khuvsgul ) and the region around Lake Baikal where Lamaist persecution had not been effective.
Hulagu Khan, grandson of Genghis Khan and founder of the Ilkhanate, seated with his Eastern Christian queen Doquz Khatun of the Keraites. In modern times the Mongols are primarily Tibetan Buddhists, but in previous eras, especially during the time of the Mongol empire (13th–14th centuries), they were primarily shamanist, and had a substantial minority of Christians, many of whom were in ...
La Russie et les Turco-Mongols: 15 siècles de guerre (in French). Economica. ISBN 978-2-7178-5429-9. Howorth, Henry H. (2008). History of the Mongols from the 9th to the 19th Century: Part 1 the Mongols Proper and the Kalmyks. New York: Cosimo, Inc. ISBN 978-1-60520-133-7. Jagchid, Sechin (1979). "The Mongol Khans and Chinese Buddhism and Taoism".
Shamans and Elders: Experience, Knowledge, and Power among the Daur Mongols. Oxford: Clarendon Press. Pettazzoni, Raffaele (1956) [1955]. "Turco-Mongols and Related Peoples". The All-Knowing God. Researches into Early Religion and Culture. Translated by H. J. Rose. London. {}: CS1 maint: location missing publisher
The Mongols returned to indigenous shamanic traditions after the collapse of the Mongol Empire, but Buddhism reemerged in the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries. During the communist Mongolian People's Republic (1924–1992), Buddhism was suppressed with an estimated 17,000 monks being killed under the regime, official figures show. [ 3 ]
The Mongol-American Cultural Association (MACA) was created to preserve and promote Mongol culture in the United States. MACA understands the term Mongol to be inclusive of the people and cultures of all regions where Mongol groups have traditionally lived; in addition to Mongolia, it includes the people and cultures of Kalmykia , Buryatia ...
Erlik is the god of death and the underworld, known as Tamag. Ay Dede is the moon god. Another god is Natigai, who was the god of pregnancy, children, livestock, wives, and health. [94] The highest group in the pantheon consisted of 99 tngri (55 of them benevolent or "white" and 44 terrifying or "black"); 77 "earth-spirits"; and others.
Tengri was the main god of the Turkic pantheon, controlling the celestial sphere. [27] Tengri is considered to be similar to the Indo-European sky god, *Dyeus, and the structure of the reconstructed Proto-Indo-European religion is closer to that of the early Turks than to the religion of any people of Near Eastern or Mediterranean antiquity. [28]